January 18
Required Text: (You can buy these online if they are not available. )
Examples & Explanations: Administrative Law, by Funk, Seamon, 5th ed., 2015 – available online at Amazon and BN.COM.
Additional materials such as cases will be posted on this WWW site. Any proprietary materials will be posted on Moodle. Most class days will include a discussion of Administrative Law in the News. Check the blog the morning before class for any updated news items. I will also provide study materials (modules) for specific topics to help you prepare for class and then consolidate your knowledge after our class discussion. If you have been provided a module as part of your assignment, read it carefully. We may not cover all the included material in class.
Class participation can affect your final grade.
Seating – this is a small class in a big room. Please sit toward the center on the first few rows.
Assignment for January 17th
Read Chapter 1, which is a general introduction to administrative law at the state and federal level. We will have a general discussion of the administrative law system. We will also discuss major changes in administrative law proposed by the new administration and Republican congressional leaders. The first 100 days are going to be an exciting time for administrative lawyers.
Introduction to Administrative Law – Slides
Resource Materials
White House – Executive Orders
Are these executive orders?
Statement by the President on Cuban Immigration Policy
January 23
Study guides have been added.
Adlaw in the News (check back for breaking news)
Note that all of the Obama executive orders are now taken down:
White House – Executive Orders
Trump’s First Executive Order and Trump Executive Order On ACA: What It Won’t Do, What It Might Do, And When
Read these for class (it is only two pages). We will discuss it as an example of the power and limits of executive orders and I will give you some background on the ACA so you can appreciate the administrative law fights that are starting over dismantling and replacing it.
Priebus Memo Directing Agencies to Review All in Progress Rulemaking
This memo is the standard direction from a new administration to agencies to pause all in progress rulemaking except for rules necessary for urgent health and safety matters. It is a good statement of the limits on what a president can direct agencies to do.
Reading assignment
Chapter 2 to 4. Legislative Veto, p. 46. You can skim the through page 36 until you get to the Schor case at the bottom of p. 37. The earlier material deals with historical cases on the delegation doctrine. We will talk about these briefly, but only to develop the idea of an intelligible purpose. Schor sets out when adjudications can be delegated and when due process requires an Art III judge.
Guide: The Delegation Doctrine
Guide: Limits on Congressional Control of Agencies
Material for Class Discussion
Commodity Futures Trading Commn. v. Schor, 478 U.S. 833 (1986)
[1] “the extent to which the ‘essential attributes of judicial power’ are reserved to Article III courts, and
[2] conversely, the extent to which the non-Article III forum exercises the range of jurisdiction and powers normally vested only in Article III courts,
[3] the origins and importance of the right to be adjudicated, and
[4] the concerns that drove Congress to depart from the requirements of Article III.
Would this include locking someone up?
The Appointments Clause – Art II, sec. 2, cl 2
“[The President] shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint… all other [principal] Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law:
but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.”
Ineligibility Clause
Prohibit any Member of Congress, while serving in Congress, from being appointed ‘‘to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been [i]ncreased during such time,’’ and they provide that ‘‘no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.’’ U.S. Const. art. I, §6, cl. 2.
January 25
Adlaw in the News
More Executive Orders (called memorandum, for an unknown reason)
The Problem of Filling Desks in a New Administration
Citizens For Responsibility And Ethics In Washington v Donald Trump
We will look at this later when we discuss standing.
Assignment
INS v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1983)
Rather than using a casebook full of edited cases, we are going to read a smaller number of full text cases because that is what you read in real life. Read this carefully, using the guide to help identify the key issues. I expect class participation in the discussion.
Guide: The Legislative Veto and Separation of Powers
Read Chapter 2, Section III (B)(1) – Appointment (stop at Removal for this class)
Guide: The Appointments Clause
Addenda for last class
Recess Appointments – Article 2, Section 2:
The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.
NLRB v. Noel Canning, 134 S. Ct. 2550 (2014) – allows the senate to determine when it is in session, thus blocking recess appointments.
Resources
Vesting and Take Care Clauses
“The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.” U.S. Const. art. II, § 1.
Article II says that the President, specifically, “shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed.” Art. II, § 3.
Source of domestic power
Art II, sec. 2, cl 2 – the Appointments Clause
“[The President] shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint… all other [principal] Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law:
but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.”
Background Reference Materials for Immigration Discussion
This creates the US treaty obligation to take in persons who are fleeing persecution. It is the major limitation on Congress power to control immigration. The procedures on legally entering the country as a political refugee (except for Cuba) are so convoluted that we effectively ignore our treaty obligations. Most enter illegally and then petition for asylum status.
January 30
Adlaw in the News
A proposed order that breaks both US and International Law
Have the Executive Orders Been Reviewed by Counsel?
Does the immigration executive order violate the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act?
The Quiet GOP Campaign Against Government Regulation
Read this for class
Assignment
Finish Chapter 2
Guide: Removal and the Creation of Independent Agencies
Guide: General Regulatory Review and Coordination
Resources
OMB – The White House site was taken down by Trump Administration
February 1
Check back for updates if there is adlaw breaking news.
News
This was posted while were discussing OIRA on Monday: Presidential Executive Order on Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs
Trump EO on Immigration – Complaint as Filed
Suit by the Washington State Attorney General to enjoin the Immigration EO. Good list of the statements by Trump, including the signing statement, that indicate this is meant to be a Muslin ban.
Assignment
Read the executive order – Presidential Executive Order on Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs. This amends/partially replaces EO 12866, so we will also look at it.
Read Chapter 3 Section I, skip Section II for now, then Section III to G. Ex Parte Communications.
Resources
February 6
News
State of Washington & State of Minnesota v. Trump
OMB Circular No. A-4 (referenced in the guidance document)
Assignment
Chapter 3, Section II and the remainder of the chapter.
APA Adjudication Provisions
These set up the framework for Formal/APA adjudications. We will parse these. Much of the framework is also applicable to non-APA adjudications.One of the reasons we care about whether these apply is that the Equal Access to Justice Act– 28 U.S. Code § 2412 (d)(1)(D) allows attorney’s fees for APA proceedings as described in APA 504 (A)(4) which refers to 554 proceedings.)
554 -Adjudications.
556 – Hearings; presiding employees; powers and duties; burden of proof; evidence; record as basis of decision.
557 – Initial decisions; conclusiveness; review by agency; submissions by parties; contents of decisions; record.
558 – Licensing
LA Law Note – Title 49, Chapter 13, §961. Licenses
Resources
February 8
News
Oral arguement in TRO on immigration order:
Key Cases
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company v. Sawyer
Assignment
Read chapter 5 to C. The Procedures for Formal Rulemaking. Work through the examples carefully so we can discuss them in class.
Study Guide: Introduction to Rulemaking Part I
Resources
Obama’s executive order on immigration.
This was found to be a rule that needed notice and comment by the lower courts, and the USSC split 4-4, leaving the lower court decision in place.
Rules in Louisiana: RS 49:951
Reg Map for Informal Rulemaking – pdf
A Handy “Rulemaking Versus Guidance” Checklist For Federal Agency Counsel
What does a rule look like?
Clean Water Rule: Definition of ‘‘Waters of the United States’’; Proposed Rule
Clean Water Rule: Definition of ‘‘Waters of the United States’’; Final Rule
What does a guidance document look like?
February 13
News
Trump Jan 2017 EO kept on hold
Assignment
Read from b. General Statements of Policy to 4. The “Logical Outgrowth” Test. You can skim the section in this assignment on Formal Rulemaking.
Study Guide for Vermont Yankee
Use this guide as you read the case to make sure you work through the issues. We are going to read this case carefully as part of our discussion about how the court and the agency handle a wicked regulatory problem: the disposal of nuclear waste.
Resources
Review guide – Introduction to Rulemaking II
Slides – Policy Statements and Agency Procedures
553 – The Procedures for Notice and Comment
Reg Map for Informal Rulemaking – pdf
NRC fast track program for new reactors – the operating and construction permit process has now been consolidated, to reduce the opportunities for administrative delay.
A future for nuclear energy: pebble bed reactors – tech study for those who are interested.
Gas Makes Nuclear Power Radioactive – current economics of nuclear power.
February 15
News
Sharp division among Republicans, tough questions after second day of special session
Does Louisiana depend on the kindness of strangers?
Assignment
Carry over materials on Vermont Yankee
Perez v. Mortgage Bankers Association, No. 13-1041 (2015) – Just read section II, A & B, which discuss reiterating the limits of Vermont Yankee on judicial additions to APA procedure.
Read Chapter 5, 4. The “Logical Outgrowth” Test to H. Other Administratively or Statutorily Required Procedures—Hybrid Rulemaking.
Study Guide – The Procedures of Notice and Comment Rulemaking
Procedures of Notice and Comment Rulemaking
Review the Reg Map for Informal Rulemaking for a wrap-up of notice and comment rulemaking.
Read Chapter 5, H. Other Administratively or Statutorily Required Procedures—Hybrid Rulemaking to the end. This is narrative description of procedures and statutes governing rulemaking, not an analytical section. I will do a brief review of this material.
Study Guide – Executive and Congressional Review of Rulemaking
Slides – Executive Review of Rulemaking
February 20
News
The ongoing controversy over the travel ban
Assignment
Some short readings on Cost Benefit Analysis
This is probably the most controversial document in the regulatory world. Just look at the tables in chapter 1.
Saving Lives: A Review of the Record
This is a great article on problems with CBA. Read 13-18 and look hard at tables 1-3 at the end. (AED – automatic external defibrillator)
Cost benefit of armed guards in schools
Example of a proposed high cost response to an emotional risk.
For comparison, at least 3 times as many children are killed on average each by dog bites, yet it is nearly impossible to get many communities to pass regulations to address the risk.
Chapter 4 – Due Process
Chapter 4 to to: 1. Modern Concept of ‘‘Property’’
Read paragraphs 11-30 in Goldberg v. Kelly
Resources
Slides: Executive Review of Rulemaking
Slides: Theories of Regulation and Critiques of Regulatory Policy
Study Guide: Introduction to Due Process
Optional reading
February 22
News
OMB material is now on the White House WWW site
Assignment
Carry over readings from last class
Chapter 4 to b. Liberty and Correctional Facilities.
Resources
We are going to look at pages 4-6 in class.
The Flyer from Paul v. Davis, 424 U.S. 693 (1976)
Slides: Introduction to Due Process and Goldberg
Study Guide: Goldberg (based on slides)
March 1
News
Risk Benefit for Medical Treatment
Presidential Executive Order on Enforcing the Regulatory Reform Agenda
Assignment
A little review on rules v. guidance documents – the transgender bathroom rule documents
Dear Colleague letter withdrawing the guidance on transgender student bathroom use
Read these letter and be prepared to discuss whether they are proper guidance documents or improper rules. We will return to these when we discuss the legal standards for deference to agencies.
Carry over readings from last class. Read to B. The Modern Rule in Chapter 4.
Resources
Study Guide: Prisons as Administrative Institutions
LA Prison Stats – Murder Rates – If NO was a Country
Slides: Employment and Liberty
March 6
News
Assignment
Read Mathews v. Eldridge (edited version)
Finish reading Chapter 4
Resources
Social Security Disability Insurance Program Spending 2012
Social Security Disability Insurance: Participation and Spending 2016
CBO: Social Security Policy Options, 2015
Study Guide: Mathews and the Modern World
March 8
News
LA Task force on reducing incarceration to adopt final recommendations March 16
Insurance Commissioner Leaving Office… Without Indictment (older story)
“The last time a Louisiana insurance commissioner left office and did not ultimately go to prison was in 1972, with Dudley A. Guglielmo. Now, 34 years later, Robert Wooley is accomplishing that feat again, stepping down from the post that he has held for the past five years, effective February 15th — leaving before the end of his term.”
Assignment
Wooley v. State Farm Fire and Cas. Ins. Co., 893 So.2d 746 (La. 2005)
We are going to spend a class on this case because it goes to heart of a major problem with administrative law in Louisiana. Be sure to look at the study guide as you read the case. (Heads up – The opinion, through paragraph 47, lays out the lower court’s ruling. The lower court ruling is a bit disjoint, so do not expect deep legal reasoning it. Try to identify the facts that the district court based its ruling on.)
Resources
March 13
News
Hospitals weigh in on ACA replacement
Keep a lookout for the CBO scoring of the Trumpcare bill.
Assignments
Bonvillian Cases: Bonvillian v. Dep’t of Insurance, 906 So.2d 596 (La.App. Cir.1 2005) and after remand and appeal – Bonvillian, round II.
Chapter 6 to Other Widely Shared Injuries, p. 226. This should be quick as it should just recap what you learned in constitutional law.
Resources
Study Guide: The Bonvillian Cases
Study Guide: Standing Introduction
Slides: Introduction to Standing
Practice materials for summary proceedings
Code sections for Declaratory Judgment in LA
March 15
News
Obamacare revision would reduce insured numbers by 24 million
Assignment
Evaluating risk: IARC Monographs Volume 112: evaluation of five organophosphate insecticides and herbicides
Clapper v. Amnesty International USA, 133 S.Ct. 1138 (2013) – Edited, reformatted, and rearranged version for class discussion.
Study questions based on the edited version of the case.
Read carefully. Now that we are done with the structural part of the course, we are going to read some cases very deeply. This is not casebook blurb stuff, we want to dig in and figure out what the court is doing.
March 20
News
The Powell Memorandum – http://law2.wlu.edu/powellarchives/page.asp?pageid=1251
While this is from 1971, it is in the news because of the beginnings of the Gorsuch hearings. Two months before being nominated to the court, Lewis Powell wrote this confidential memo on how the right could capture the courts and public opinion.
Assignment
Massachusetts v. E.P.A., 127 S.Ct. 1438 (2007) – the global warming case. Read paragraphs 23-85. This is the standing material referred to in the text. We are going to look carefully at this case and climate change as the critical regulatory dilemma of our time. We will read more of the case when we are reading Chapter 7.
Chapter 6 – Read to II. EXCEPTIONS TO JUDICIAL REVIEW UNDER THE APA, p. 236
Resources
Study Guide: Mass v EPA – Standing
Study Guide: Standing – Part- II
Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc., 134 S. Ct. 1377 (2014) – for reference
March 22
News
Gorsuch won’t be pinned down on Chevron doctrine
Endrew F. v. Douglas Cty. Sch. Dist. RE-1,
USSC expands students rights to an individually tailored education under federal law. Good IDEA, but a huge partially funded mandate.
Assignment
Chapter 6 through 256
Resources
Study Guide: Access to Judicial Review and Finality
This includes materials we will read for next class.
March 27
News
Assignment
Finish Chapter 6. Read carefully and note how final agency action and ripeness are often just different ways of arguing the same facts.
Resources
Study Guide: Access to Judicial Review and Finality
Study Guide: Ripeness and Wrap-up
Exhaustion
APA – 5 U.S.C. § 704
. . . Except as otherwise expressly required by statute, agency action otherwise final is final for purposes of this section whether or not there has been presented or determined an application for a declaratory order, for any form of reconsideration, or, unless the agency otherwise requires by rule and provides that the action meanwhile is inoperative, for an appeal to superior agency authority.
March 29
News
EXECUTIVE ORDER – PROMOTING ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH – 2017
US rejects almost all Obama climate initiatives.
NPR story about politics and the 2020 census – Franklin revisited.
Assignment
Chapter 7 to 286 (Brown and Williamson example)
Study Guide: Introduction to Judicial Review
Slides: Chapter 7 – Introduction and Chevron
FDA v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 529 U.S. 120 (U.S. 2000) paragraphs 24-96.
Sse these to guide your reading of Bown and Williamson. We are looking at the conflict between the clear meaning of the words in the Act and the legislative and regulatory history of how the Act was applied. We have Scalia rejecting the plain meaning in favor of legislative history and Breyer rejecting legislative history and going for the clear meaning.
Background Information on Tobacco
The 1964 Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health (just for reference)
Nicotine without tobacco – How does this fit with Brown and Williamson?
April 3
News
Disabled or just desperate? Rural Americans turn to disability as jobs dry up
Assignment
Finish Brown and Williamson
Massachusetts v. E.P.A., 127 S.Ct. 1438 (2007) 86-106, plus Scalia’s dissent, 150-187.
Read through page 291 in the text.
Resources
Study Guide: Mass v. EPA – Chevron
Study Guide: Judicial Deference to Agency Legal Interpretations after Chevron
This includes material we will cover next class.
This is the endangerment finding that resulted from Mass v. EPA. I added bookmarks and highlights.
April 5
News
Wellness Apps Evade the FDA, Only to Land In Court
FCC commissioners justify the most recent change in broadband internet classifications, going back to the previous classification that prevents teh FCC from regulating privacy and leaves it to the FCC.
Assignment
Chapter 7 to III. ARBITRARY AND CAPRICIOUS REVIEW (308)
Resources
Study Guide: Judicial Review of Facts – Substantial Evidence
Slides: Judicial Review of Facts Determined by the Agency – I
April 10
News
The Constitutionality of the Syria Strike Through the Eyes of OLC (and the Obama Administration)
For another view, Google “Wag the Dog”
The president picks a law professor to lead the most important office you’ve never heard of (OIRA)
Assignment
Finish Chapter 7
We will likely not finish the discussion of this material on Monday, but it makes more sense if you read it all at once.
Resources
Slides: Judicial Review of Facts Determined by the Agency – II
Study Guide: Judicial Review of Facts – Arbitrary and Capricious Review
Study Guide: Judicial Review – Procedural Issues
The slide set from last class plus the two from this class combined for ease in presentation.
April 12
News
TBA
Assignment
Chapter 8
We will likely not finish this on Wednesday. What we do not get to, we will carry over to the next class. We are not going to read Chapter 9, I will give you a more concise set of materials for next class.
Resources
Slides: Administrative Searches – subject to revision
April 19
Roadmap for the rest of the course
We are going to cover the Federal Tort Claims act next Monday and look at how it was applied in the Katrina Levee Breach Cases on Wednesday. We will also discuss the mechanics of the exam on Wednesday.
News
Trump officials turn to courts to block Obama-era legacy
Assignment
Finish materials from last class.
We are going to briefly look at the Freedom of Information Act, The Privacy Act, and the federal and state open meetings laws. These are critical in practice. This will be a quick survey to introduce you to the concepts and how to use the laws. Rather than using Chapter 9, we will read this document, which is both a practical guide and comprehensive collection of legal resources:
The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, Federal Open Government Guide 10th Ed (2009).
Also look at pages 2-6 of this document to see how FOIA is used as an adjunct to discovery in litigation:
Citizen Use of Public Records Laws; Public Interest Environmental Law Conference, March 6, 2016
Watch this for fun:
Resources
Louisiana Attorney General’s Guide to the Louisiana Open Records Act
April 24
News
Industrial Canal lock project: Try getting info about it from the Army Corps!
The reality of delays under FOIA.
Assignment
Text: Tort Claims Against the Government
This is a guide I prepared on suing the government. Read to p. 13, State Tort Claims Acts for class. When you have time, you should read the rest to get a good overview of suing the government for torts.
This is a mini-casebook on the federal tort claims act.
Form 95 – CLAIM FOR DAMAGE, INJURY, OR DEATH
This is the form for filing FTCA claims.
Gregor v. Argenot Great Central Insurance Co., 851 So.2d 959 (La. 2003)
This is the lead LA case on the LA-TCA. Points to cover are how the LA-TCA is interpreted compared to the FTCA, how the court resolved the discretionary act question, and whether this case really reinterpretes the Fowler case it discusses. Be sure to read the concurrences and dissents.
Can you collect a judgement against the state under the tort claims act?
Resources
§10. Suits Against the State
Section 10.(A) No Immunity in Contract and Tort. Neither the state, a state agency, nor a political subdivision shall be immune from suit and liability in contract or for injury to person or property.
(B) Waiver in Other Suits. The legislature may authorize other suits against the state, a state agency, or a political subdivision. A measure authorizing suit shall waive immunity from suit and liability.
(C) Limitations; Procedure; Judgments. Notwithstanding Paragraph (A) or (B) or any other provision of this constitution, the legislature by law may limit or provide for the extent of liability of the state, a state agency, or a political subdivision in all cases, including the circumstances giving rise to liability and the kinds and amounts of recoverable damages. It shall provide a procedure for suits against the state, a state agency, or a political subdivision and provide for the effect of a judgment, but no public property or public funds shall be subject to seizure. The legislature may provide that such limitations, procedures, and effects of judgments shall be applicable to existing as well as future claims. No judgment against the state, a state agency, or a political subdivision shall be exigible, payable, or paid except from funds appropriated therefor by the legislature or by the political subdivision against which the judgment is rendered. (emphasis added)
Amended by Acts 1995, No. 1328, §1, approved Oct. 21, 1995, eff. Nov. 23, 1995.
LA RS 9:2798.1 |
FTCA |
B. Liability shall not be imposed on public entities or their officers or employees based upon the exercise or performance or the failure to exercise or perform their policymaking or discretionary acts when such acts are within the course and scope of their lawful powers and duties. C. The provisions of Subsection B of this Section are not applicable: (1) To acts or omissions which are not reasonably related to the legitimate governmental objective for which the policymaking or discretionary power exists; or (2) To acts or omissions which constitute criminal, fraudulent, malicious, intentional, willful, outrageous, reckless, or flagrant misconduct. |
(a) Any claim based upon an act or omission of an employee of the Government, exercising due care, in the execution of a statute or regulation, whether or not such statute or regulation be valid, or based upon the exercise or performance or the failure to exercise or perform a discretionary function or duty on the part of a federal agency or an employee of the Government, whether or not the discretion involved be abused. |
April 26
News
Court enjoins enforcement of the EO on sanctuary cities
Exam Info
Exam opens – Monday, May 1 at 8:30 am.
Exam closes – Monday, May 15 at 2:00 pm.
Exam document identified only by exam number will be emailed to Kristi Parnell <Kristi.Parnell@law.lsu.edu> Time allotted – no limit (exam will be word limited) The exam software will not be used.
Exam is open book – any materials we used in class, the E&E book, materials linked to on the class blog, and your own notes may be used. General Internet research is prohibited. (This is not a research paper.) The exam will be provided through Moodle.
Assignment
Hurricane Betsy
Remembering Betsy: WVUE-TV 09/1990
Watch this outside of class – pay special attention to the levee comments at about 12:30 and the ending comments at 27.
LBJ and Russel Long right after Hurricane Betsy: https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/educational-resources/lbj-and-senator-russell-long-on-hurricane-betsy
Graci v. U.S., 435 F.Supp. 189 (E.D.La. 1977)
This is remand for a factual determination on the FTCA claim after the 5th Cir found that Flood Control Act of 1928 immunity did not apply. We are reading this because it sets out the prima facia case for tort claims brought in the Katrina Levee Breach Cases. Skim the Hurricane Betsy facts and concentrate on the LA tort law the court uses. We will discuss whether the plaintiff took the wrong lesson from this case.
Hurricane Katrina
In re Katrina Canal Breaches Consolidated Litigation, 647 F.Supp.2d 644 (E.D.La. Nov 18, 2009) Final opinion and appendix. (the appendix is only there for reference)
Use these slides as you skim the opinion to find the core issues: Slides: In re Katrina Canal Breaches Consolidated Litigation, 647 F.Supp.2d 644
In re Katrina Levee Breaches, 5th Cir, Round II
The very rare situation where the 3 judge panel overrules itself, rather than the case going on to en banc review. Read [51] to the end. Before getting to the DFE, the court slightly modified the lower court’s interpretation of Sec. 702, but still focuses only on the MRGO and not the waters or the levees.
Resources
Slides: Delta Cycle (Short Version)
Should Katrina have been a surprise? – Washing Away – Definitely take a look at these stories.
Slides: The Katrina Levee Breach Cases
A more detailed analysis of the Graci and Katrina cases if you are interested.
Natural Cycles and the Mississippi Delta – A Voice Annotated Slideshow
An in-depth look at the geology and hydrology of the Mississippi Delta that I have prepared for use in online classes.
Exam Info – Spring 2017
Resources for the Exam
We have looked at some of these before, but I am putting them here for your convenience.
Presidential Executive Order on Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs
Presidential Executive Order on Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs – Guidance
Presidential Executive Order Implementing an America-First Offshore Energy Strategy (OCS Planning Area Map – Atlantic region)
A little background on plague for the curious. You do not need to include any microbiology on the exam.
Questions and Answers about the Exam
> When citing on my exam, does putting (notes) or (supp.) suffice. I understand
> what to do when citing to cases. I just want to make sure I don’t get marked off
> for doing this wrong.
Form is not important, just identify what you are citing in a common sense way. No points off for cite form.:-)