This has changed with HIV infection. Medical professionals have decided that physicians with HIV only pose a risk to patients in very limited circumstances, such as invasive procedures. Even in those situations, many experts believe that the physician can take various precautions and not subject the patient to risk. Since these experts believe that there is little risk, they do not believe physicians have a duty to disclose their HIV status. Most physicians agree, but more because of the fairness issue: many state laws make it very difficult for a physician to determine if a patient is infected with HIV. It seems unjust to make the physician disclose, with the potential of professional ruin, when the patient, who, in most circumstances, poses a much greater risk to the physician than the physician does to the patient, can withhold the information.