4. ADR
The use of ADR (alternative dispute resolution) techniques is expanding in administrative law. One of the more common techniques, especially at the federal level, is regulatory negotiation or regneg.  It is used by some agencies prior to the statutorily required rulemaking hearing.  The goal of regneg is to bring representatives of the contending parties and agency together to reach as much agreement or consensus about the terms of a proposed rule as can be accomplished. If substantial agreement can be reached, the parties may agree not to challenge the promulgated rule in court after it is issued.  Court challenges of rules can often take years of litigation.  The regneg is a prelude to the hearing, it is not a substitute for the hearing under existing legislation.