Pestilence is one of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, reflecting its position as a primal fear of
society, yet it is difficult for individuals born after the ready availability of antimicrobial drugs and
immunizations to appreciate the historic dread of deadly epidemics. In a society preoccupied with
lifestyle diseases, we forget that civilizations have fallen because of communicable diseases and
that pestilence has done more to eradicate indigenous cultures than has force of arms or religion.