FOREWORD This Manual is issued under the authority of DoD Directive 3025.1, "Military Support to Civil Authorities (MSCA)," January 15, 1993. It provides guidance for the preparation, coordination and execution of military support to civil authorities during civil emergencies within the United States, its territories, and possessions. This Manual applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Military Departments, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Joint Staff, the Combatant Commands, the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, the Defense Agencies, and the DpD Field Activities (hereafter referred to collectively as "the DoD Components"). The term "Military Services," as used herein, refers to the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, the Marine Corps and the Coast Guard (when it is operating or planning for operations as a Service in the Navy). Further, this Manual serves as a reference for other Federal, State, and local agencies on how the Department of Defense supports civil authorities and how DoD assets can be used to support civilian leadership priorities in returning their communities to a state of "normalcy." This Manual is effective immediately and is mandatory for use by all DoD Components. It constitutes implementation of DoD Directive 3025.1. Heads of the DoD Components may issue supplementary instruction only when necessary to provide for unique requirements within their Component. Record responsibility for this publication is assigned to the Secretary of the Army, the DoD Executive Agent for Military Support to Civil Authorities. This responsibility includes the retirement of records. Send recommended changes to: Director of Military Support HQDA ATTN: DAMO-ODS 400 ARMY pentagon Washington, D.C. 20301-0400 The DoD Components may obtain copies of this Manual through their own publications channels. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Authorized registered users may obtain copies of this publication from the Defense Technical Information Center, Cameron Station, Alexandria, Va. 22304-6145. Other Federal Agencies and the public may obtain copies from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 22161. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD2 TABLE OF CONTENTS4 FIGURES6 REFERENCES7 DEFINITIONS11 ACRONYMS29 CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL34 C1.1. GENERAL AND PURPOSE34 C1.2. SCOPE34 C1.3. NATIONAL POLICY35 C1.4. FUNCTIONAL REPSONSIBILITIES36 C1.5. PLANNING41 CHAPTER 2 - CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS47 C2.1. GENERAL47 C2.2. IMMEDIATE RESPONSE47 C2.3. DOMESTIC EMERGENCY48 C2.4. FEDERAL RESPONSE PLAN50 C2.5. CIVIL DEFENSE50 C2.6. EXECUTION51 CHAPTER 3 - DISASTERS58 C3.1. GENERAL58 C3.2. RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES58 C3.3. RESPONSE TO NON-DECLARED EMERGENCIES77 CHAPTER 4 - DEFENSE COORDINATING OFFICER87 C4.1. GENERAL87 C4.2. RESPONSIBILITIES87 C4.3. ACTIVATION88 C4.4. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE FEDERAL COORDINATING OFFICER (FCO)90 C4.5. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE JTF COMMANDER90 C4.6. SUPPORT TO OTHER ESFs91 CHAPTER 5 - USE OF RESERVE COMPONENTS AND/OR AUXILIARY FORCES92 C5.1. GENERAL92 C5.2. LEGAL ISSUES PERTAINING TO USE OF RESERVISTS92 C5.3. USE OF NATIONAL GUARD FORCES FOR EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS93 C5.4. SERVICE SUPPORT TO FEMA94 C5.5. SERVICE-SPECIFIC INPUTS95 CHAPTER 6 - EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS LIAISON OFFICER PROGRAM98 C6.1. GENERAL98 C6.2. RESPONSIBILITIES99 C6.3. TRAINING100 C6.4. EPLOs AT FEMA REGIONS AND STATES100 CHAPTER 7 - TRAINING104 C7.1. GENERAL104 C7.2. DEFENSE COORDINATING OFFICERS (DCO) TRAINING104 C7.3. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE TRAINING106 C7.4. EXERCISES107 CHAPTER 8 - LEGAL108 C8.1. GENERAL108 C8.2. SCOPE108 C8.3. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA)109 C8.4. COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH MSCA109 C8.5. LEGAL AUTHORITIES109 CHAPTER 9 - FUNDING, ACCOUNTING, AND REIMBURSEMENT114 C9.1. DEFENSE EMERGENCY RESPONSE FUND114 C9.2. OPERATIONS AND OVERVIEW114 C9.3. FISCAL GUIDELINES116 CHAPTER 10 - FUNDING EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY AND THE FEDERAL RESPONSE PLAN121 C10.1. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA)121 C10.2. FEDERAL RESPONSE PLAN (FRP)122 FIGURES FigureTitle Page C1.F1.EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONS (ESF) 46 C2.F1.COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS 57 C10.F1.CONUSAs AND FEMA REGIONS 129 C10.F2.EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONS (ESF) 129 C10.F3.FEMA FEDERAL REGIONS 130 C10.F4.USACE CIVIL WORKS DIVISION/DISTRICT BOUNDERIES 131 REFERENCES (a) Section 2251, et seq., of title 50, United States Code, "Civil Defense Act of 1950" (b) DoD Directive 3025.12, "Employment of Military Resources in the Event of Civil Disturbances (MACDIS)," February 4, 1994 (c) DoD Directive 3025.1, "Military Support to Civil Authorities (MSCA)," January 15, 1993 (d) Public Law 101-165, "Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1990," November 21, 1989 (e) DoD Directive 5100.46 , "Foreign Disaster Relief," December 4, 1975 (f) Public Law 93-288, amended, "Disaster Relief Act of 1974," May 22, 1974, Section 5121 et seq., of title 42, United States Code, as amended by Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Public Law 100-707, "The Stafford Act") (g) Executive Order 12148, "Federal Emergency Management," July 20, 1979 (h) Title 44, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 206, "Federal Disaster Assistance for Disasters on or after November 23, 1988" (i) ExecutiveOrder 12472, "Assignment of National Security and Emergency Preparedness Telecommunications Functions," April 3, 1984 (j) Sections 1251 - 1386 of title 33, United States Code, "Clean Water Act," Public Law 92-500, "Federal Water Pollution Control Act," as amended (k) Joint Publication 1-02, "Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms," December 1, 1989 (l) Executive Order 12656, "Assignment of Emergency Preparedness Responsibilities," November 18, 1988 (m) National Security Directive 66, March 16, 1992 (n) DoD Directive 1215.6, "Uniform Reserve, Training and Retirement Categories," December 18, 1990 (o) DoD Directive 5525.5, "DoD Cooperation with Civilian Law Enforcement Officials," January 15, 1986 (p) DoD Directive 3020.36, "Assignment of National Security Emergency Preparedness (NSEP) Responsibilities to DoD Components," November 2, 1988 (q) Federal Response Plan, April 1992 (r) Section 701n, et seq., of title 33, United States Code, Public Law 84-99, "The Flood Control Act of 1941," August 18, 1941, as amended (s) DoD Civil Disturbance Plan: "GARDEN PLOT," February 15, 1991 (t) "Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)," as amended by the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (Sections 9601- 9675 of title 42, United States Code) (u) Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 300, "National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP)" (v) DoD Directive 5030.41, "Implementation of National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan," June 1, 1977 (w) Public Law 101-380, "Oil Pollution Act of 1990," August 18, 1990 (Title 33, United States Code) (x) DoD Instruction 4000.19, "Basic Policies and Principles for Interservice, Interdepartmental, and Interagency Support," October 14, 1980 (y) Public Law 94-580, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976," October 21, 1976 (Title 42, United States Code) (z) "Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan (FRERP)," Federal Register, 50 Federal Register 46542, November 8, 1985 (aa) DoD Directive 3150.5, "DoD Response to Improvised Nuclear Device Threats," March 24, 1987 (bb) DoD Directive 5100.52, "DoD Response to an Accident or Significant Incident Involving Radioactive Materials," December 21, 1989 (cc) DoD 5100.52-M, "Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures," September 1990 (dd) Memorandum of Understanding Between the Department of Defense and the Departments of Agriculture and Interior, April 25, 1975 (ee) Memorandum of Understanding Between the Department of the Army/DoD Executive Agent and the National Interagency Fire Center, August 8, 1990 (ff) Department of Justice/Immigration and Naturalization Service Immigration Emergency Plan, "Operation DISTANT SHORE," Coordinating Draft, November 4, 1993 (gg) DoD/FORSCOM Mass Immigration Emergency Plan, "LEGACY FREEDOM (CLASSIFIED)," January 20, 1993 (hh) Memorandum of Understanding Among the Department of Defense, GSA, and USDA, August 28, 1985 (ii) "FORSCOM Animal Disease Eradication Plan," DEPS Volume VIII, October 21, 1991 (jj) Section 410, et seq., of title 39, United States Code, "Postal Reorganization Act" (kk) Section 1535 of title 31, United States Code, "Economy Act" (ll) Memorandum of Understanding Between the Department of Defense and the United States Postal Service, May 4, 1984 (mm) DoD Directive 5030.50, "Employment of DoD Resources in Support of the U.S. Postal Service," April 13, 1972 (nn) Department of Defense Postal Augmentation Plan, "GRAPHIC HAND," November 1993 (oo) Section 673 of title 10, United States Code (pp) Section 3500 of title 10, United States Code (qq) Section 8500 of title 10, United States Code (rr) FORSCOM Domestic Emergency Planning System (DEPS), Volume III, "Postal Augmentation Plan, GRAPHIC HAND," October 1, 1993 (ss) Section 2635 of title 10, United States Code (tt) DoD Directive 4500.9, "Transportation and Traffic Management," January 26, 1989 (uu) Public Law 99-145, "Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1986," November 8, 1985 (vv) Section 1521 of title 50, United States Code (ww) AR 75-14/OPNAVINST 8027.lG/MCO 8027.lD/AFR 136-8, "Interservice Responsibilities for Explosive Ordnance Disposal," February 14, 1992 (xx) DoD Directive 3025.13 , "Employment of Department of Defense Resources in Support of the United States Secret Service," September 13, 1985 (yy) DoD Instruction 5030.34, "Agreement Between the United States Secret Service and the Department of Defense Concerning Protection of the President and Other Officials," September 17, 1986 (zz) Memorandum from the Executive'Secretary, Department of Defense, subject: "DoD Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Support to the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) and the U.S. Department of State (DoS)," June 20, 1990 (aaa) Public Law 94-524, "Presidential Protection Assistance Act of 1976," October 17, 1976 (bbb) Department of Defense OPLAN, "EOD Support to USSS and DoS for VIPs (hereafter referred to as VIPCO OPLAN)," February 1, 1991 (ccc) Memorandum of Understanding Between the Department of Defense and the American National Red Cross, June 24, 1975 (ddd) Section 673b of title 10, United States Code (eee) Section 673 of title 10, United States Code (fff) Section 672(d) of title 10, United States Code (ggg) Section 673b(b) of title 10, United States Code (hhh) Section 712 of title 14, United States Code (iii) Title 10, United States Code (jjj) Section 673(a) of title 10, United States Code (kkk) Section 672(b) of title 10, United States Code (lll) OPNAVINST 3440.16B, "Department of the Navy Civil Emergency Assistance Program," September 4, 1991 (mmm) Air Force Instruction 10-803, "Air Force Support During Disasters," January 1994 (nnn) Sections 201, et seq., of title 36, United States Code (Public Law 79-476, "Incorporation of CAP") (ooo) Section 9441 of title 10, United States Code (ppp) Memorandum of Understanding Between FEMA and CAP, November 8, 1991 (qqq) Memorandum of Understanding Between FAA, DOT and CAP, November 14, 1985 (rrr) CAP-USAF Regulation 170-5, "Untitled," April 15, 1992 (sss) Air Force Instruction 10-206, "Reporting Instructions," December 1993 (ttt) Section 5191 of title 42, United States Code (uuu) Section 5170 of title 42, United States Code (vvv) Section 5170b(c) of title 42, United States Code (www) Section 5143 of title 42, United States Code (xxx) Public Law 95-313, "Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978" (yyy) Public Law 73-416, "The Communications Act of 1934," June 19, 1934 (zzz) Section 1385 of title 18, United States Code, "Posse Comitatus Act" (aaaa) Public Law 79-601, "Federal Tort Claims Act," (60 Stat. 812), August 2, 1946 (bbbb) DoD Directive 1225.6 , "Equipping the Reserve Forces," November 2, 1992 (cccc) DoD Directive 3150.5, "DoD Response to Improvised Nuclear Device (IND) Incidents," March 24, 1987 (dddd) DoD Directive 4500.43, "Operation Support Airlift (OSA)," October 30, 1985 (eeee) DoD 4515.13-R, "Air Transportation Eligibility," January 1980 (ffff) DoD Instruction 5030.34, "Agreement Between the United States Secret Service and the Department of Defense Concerning Protection of the President and Other Officials," September 17, 1986 (gggg) DoD Directive 5030.50, "Employment of Department of Defense Resources in Support of the United States Postal Service," April 13, 1972 (hhhh) DoD Directive 5100.52, "Response to an Accident or Significant Incident Involving Radioactive Materials," December 21, 1989 (iiii) DoD Directive 5122.8, "Use of Military Carriers for Public Affairs Purposes," December 13, 1963 (jjjj) DoD Directive 5200.8, "Security of DoD Installations and Resources," April 25, 1991 (kkkk) DoD Directive 5240.1, "DoD Intelligence Activities," April 25, 1988 (llll) DoD 5400.7-R, "DoD Freedom of Information Act Program," October 1990 (mmmm) Office of Management and Budget Circular A-11, "Preparation and Submission of Budget Estimates," August 4, 1993 (nnnn) DoD 7220.9-M, "DoD Accounting Manual," October 1983 (oooo) Memorandum of Agreement Between FEMA and USACE, March 11, 1991 DL1. DEFINITIONS DL1.1.1. All Hazards. Natural or man-caused events, including, without limitation, civil disturbances, that may result in major disasters or emergencies. DL1.1.2. Attack. Any attack or series of attacks by an enemy of the United States causing, or that may cause, substantial damage or injury to civilian property or persons in the United States in any manner, by sabotage or by the use of bombs, shell fire, or nuclear, radiological, chemical, bacteriological or biological means, or other weapons or processes under the "Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950, 5 U.S.C., App 2252 (a)" (reference (a)). DL1.1.3. Catastrophic Disaster. A catastrophic disaster is a major disaster that immediately overwhelms the ability of State, local, and volunteer agencies to adequately provide victims of the disaster with the services necessary to sustain life DL1.1.4. Catastrophic Disaster Response Group (CDRG). A group of representatives at the National level from the Federal Departments and Agencies that have Federal Response Plan support responsibilities. The CDRG's primary role is that of a centralized, liaison-coordinating group available at the call of the chairperson. Its members have timely access to the appropriate policy makers in their respective parent organizations to facilitate decisions on problems and policy issues, should they arise. The CDRG oversees the national-level response support effort and coordinates the efforts of the Emergency Support Function (ESF) lead and support agencies in supporting Federal regional requirements. The CDRG serves as a mechanism to bring to bear all Federal authorities, resources, capabilities, and expertise that can contribute to an enhanced Federal response capability. DL1.1.5. Civil Defense. All those activities and measures designed or undertaken to: DL1.1.5.1. Minimize the effects upon the civilian population caused, or which would be caused by an attack upon the United States; DL1.1.5.2. Deal with the immediate emergency conditions that would be created by any such attack; and DL1.1.5.3. Effectuate emergency repairs to, or the emergency restoration of, vital utilities and facilities destroyed or damaged by any such attack. DL1.1.6. Civil Disturbances. Riots, acts of violence, insurrections, unlawful obstructions or assemblages, group acts of violence and disorders prejudicial to public law and order within the 50 States; District of Columbia, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, U.S. territories and possessions, or any political subdivision thereof. The term "civil disturbance" includes all domestic conditions requiring use of Federal Armed Forces, as more specifically defined in DoD Directive 3025.12 (reference (b)). DL1.1.7. Civil Emergency. Any natural or manmade disaster or emergency that causes or could cause substantial harm to the population or infrastructure. This term can include a "catastrophic disaster," "major disaster," or "emergency," as well as consequences of an attack or a National security emergency. The terms "major disaster" and "emergency" are defined substantially by action of the President in declaring that extant circumstances and risks justify implementation of the legal powers provided by those statutes. DL1.1.8. Civil Defense Emergency. A domestic emergency disaster situation resulting from devastation created by an enemy attack and requiring emergency operations during and following that attack. It may be proclaimed by appropriate authority in anticipation of an attack. DL1.1.9. Civil Emergency Preparedness. The non-military actions taken by Federal Agencies, the private sector, and individual citizens to meet essential human needs, to support the military effort, to ensure continuity of Federal authority at National and regional levels, and to ensure survival as a free and independent nation under all emergency conditions, including a National emergency caused by threatened or actual attack on the United States. DL1.1.10. Civil Government Resources. Resources owned by, controlled by, or under the jurisdiction of civilian agencies of the U.S. Government, or of State and local agencies. DL1.1.11. Civil Resources. Resources that normally are not controlled by the Government. Examples include manpower, food, and water, health resources, industrial production, housing and construction, telecommunications, energy, transportation, minerals, materials, supplies and services and other essential resources. Such resources cannot be ordered to support needs of the public except by competent civil government authority. DL1.1.12. Continenatal United States Army (CONUSA). A regionally oriented command with geographic boundaries under the command of U.S. Forces Command. The CONUSA is a numbered Army and is the U.S. Forces Command agent for mobilization, deployment, and domestic emergency planning and execution. DL1.1.13. Continental United States Airborne Reconnaissance For Damage Assessment (CARDA). A system of aerial reconnaissance of the Continental United States for determining the effects of a nuclear attack. CARDA integrates the combined resources of all Government Agencies and Military Services for the National Command Authority. DL1.1.14. Continuity of Government. All measures that may be taken to ensure the continuity of essential functions of Governments. DL1.1.15. Defense Coordinating Officer (DCO). A military or civilian of any DoD Component, who has been designated by the DoD Executive Agent or responsible DoD Component to exercise some delegated authority of the DoD Executive Agent to coordinate MCSA activities under DoD Directive 3025.1 (reference (c)). The authority of each DCO will be defined in documentation issued or authorized by the DoD Executive Agent, and will be limited either to the requirements of a specified inter-Agency planning process or to a specified geographical area or emergency. DL1.1.16. Defense Emergency Response Fund (DERF). Established by Pubic Law No. 101-165 (1989) (reference (d)). That law provides, "The Fund shall be available for providing reimbursement to currently applicable appropriations of the Department of Defense for supplies and services provided in anticipation of requests from other Federal Departments and Agencies and from State and local governments for assistance on a reimbursable basis to respond to natural or manmade disasters. The Fund may be used upon a determination by the Secretary of Defense that immediate action is necessary before a formal request for assistance on a reimbursable basis is received." The Fund is applicable to MSCA under DoD Directive 3025.1 (reference (c)) and to Foreign Disaster Assistance under DoD Directive 5100.46 (reference (e)). DL1.1.17. Disaster Field Office. The temporary office established in or near the designated disaster area from which the Federal Coordinating Officer (FCO) and/or staff coordinate response activities. DL1.1.18. DoD Executive Agent. The individual designated by position to have and to exercise the assigned responsibility and delegated authority of the Secretary of Defense. DoD Directive 3025.1, "Military Support to Civil Authorities" (reference (c)), designates the Secretary of the Army as the DoD Executive Agent for MSCA. DL1.1.19. Domestic Emergency. Emergencies affecting the public welfare and occurring within the 50 States, District of Columbia, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, U.S. possessions and territories, or any political subdivision thereof, as a result of enemy attack, insurrection, civil disturbance, earthquake, fire, flood or other public disasters or equivalent emergencies that endanger the life and property or disrupt the usual process of government. The term "domestic emergency" includes any or all of the conditions defined herein as civil defense emergency, civil disturbances, catastrophic or major disaster, or natural disaster. DL1.1.20. Earthquake. The sudden motion or trembling of the ground produced by abrupt displacement of rock masses, usually within the upper 10 to 20 miles of the earth. DL1.1.21. Emergency. Any occasion or instance for which, in the determination of the President, Federal assistance is needed to supplement State and local efforts to save lives and to protect property and public health and safety, or lessen or avert the threat of a catastrophe in any part of the United States. DL1.1.22. Emergency Management Institute (EMI). Emergency Management Institute. One of two schools located on FEMA's National Emergency Training Center (NETC) campus, EMI conducts resident and nonresident training activities for Federal, State and local government officials, managers in the private economic sector, and members of professional and volunteer organizations on subjects that range from civil to nuclear preparedness systems to domestic emergencies caused by natural and technological hazards. Nonresident training activities are also conducted by State Emergency Management Training Officers under cooperative agreements that offer financial and technical assistance to establish annual training programs that fulfill emergency management training requirements in communities throughout the nation. DL1.1.23. Emergency Preparedness Liaison Officer (EPLO). An EPLO is a senior Reserve officer who represents their Service at the appropriate military headquarters and civilian agencies that have plans and coordination responsibilities in support of the Military Support to Civil Authorities (MSCA) program. Reserve officers serving as EPLOs can volunteer for active duty in a peacetime disaster. Primary responsibilities for peacetime disasters will include planning and coordinating Service roles in the various disaster plans and contingencies. The Department of Defense and FEMA conduct an EPLO course at Emmitsburg, Maryland four times a year. EPLOs are assigned to FEMA National Headquarters, FEMA Regions, the Commanders-in-Chief (CINCs), U.S. FORSCOM, the CONUSAS, and the State Area Commands (STARCs). DL1.1.24. Emergency Response Team (ERT). This FEMA entity is composed of FEMA regional staff and representatives from the lead agency for a specific Emergency Support Function (ESF) (and DCO), which is deployed by the Regional Director to coordinate Federal disaster operations under the direction of the FCO. DL1.1.25. Emergency Support Function (ESF). A functional area of response activity established to facilitate coordinated Federal delivery of assistance required during the immediate response phase after a major disaster or civil emergency to save lives, protect property and public health, and maintain public safety. ESF represent those types of supplemented Federal assistance that the State likely will need most because of the overwhelming impact of a disaster or emergency situation. DL1.1.26. Emergency Support Team. A team of FEMA specialists, capable of rapid activation at FEMA headquarters, that will assume National-level coordination of emergency operations and provide support to the response structure in the field. To accomplish its mission, the team must be responsive to field requirements, foster and support inter-Agency coordination, and develop an accurate situation assessment of the emergency. DL1.1.27. Emergency Support Function (ESF) #1 (Transportation). To provide for the coordination of Federal transportation support to State and local government entities, voluntary organizations, and Federal Agencies requiring transportation capacity to perform disaster assistance following a major disaster or civil emergency. Lead Agency: Department of Transportation. DL1.1.28. ESF #2 (Communications). To ensure the provision of Federal telecommunications support to Federal, State, and local response efforts following a natural disaster. This ESF supplements the provisions of the National Plan for Telecommunication Support in Non-Wartime Emergencies. Lead Agency: National Communications System. DL1.1.29. ESF #3 (Public Works and Engineering). To provide the full range of engineering, design, and construction contract support to Federal, State and local agencies in the restoration of public works and essential public facilities following a catastrophic or major natural disaster or civil emergency. Lead Agency: Department of Defense, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. DL1.1.30. ESF #4 (Firefighting). To detect and suppress wildland, rural, and urban fires resulting from, or occurring coincidentaly with a major disaster. Lead Agency: Department of Agriculture and the Forest Service. DL1.1.31. ESF #5 (Information and Planning). To manage information needed to support disaster operations and to develop response and recovery strategies. Collects, evaluates, and processes information on the disaster situation and on the status of response and recovery operations and resources. Lead Agency: Federal Emergency Management Agency. DL1.1.32. ESF #6 (Mass Care). To coordinate efforts to provide sheltering, feeding, and first aid following a major disaster; to operate a disaster welfare information system to collect and report information about the status of victims and assist with family reunification within the disaster area; and to coordinate bulk distribution of relief supplies to disaster victims following a major disaster. Lead Agency: American Red Cross. DL1.1.33. ESF #7 (Resource Support). To provide logistical and resource support following a major disaster. Lead Agency: General Services Administration. DL1.1.34. ESF #8 (Health and Medical Services). To provide U.S. Government-coordinated assistance to supplement State and local resources in response to public health and medical care needs following a major disaster. Lead Agency: Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Public Health Service. DL1.1.35. ESF #9 (Urban Search and Rescue (US&R). To provide for the application of Federal response capabilities and resources for US&R assistance following a catastrophic or major disaster. Lead Agency: Federal Emergency Management Agency. DL1.1.36. ESF #10 (Hazardous Materials). To provide Federal support to State and local governments in response to an actual or potential discharge and/or release of hazardous material following a catastrophic or major disaster requiring Federal response actions. Lead Agency: Environmental Protection Agency. DL1.1.37. ESF #11 (Food). To identify, secure, and arrange for the transportation of food supplies to affected areas following a major disaster. Lead Agency: Department of Agriculture. DL1.1.38. ESF #12 (Energy). To facilitate restoration of the Nation's energy systems following a catastrophic or major disaster. Power and fuel are critical to save lives and protect health, safety, and property as well as carry out other emergency response functions. Lead Agency: Department of Energy. DL1.1.39. Federal Coordinating Officer (FCO). The senior Federal official appointed to act for the President in accordance with the provisions of 42 U.S.C. 5121, et seq., as amended (reference (f)). The FCO represents the President for coordinating the administration of Federal relief activities in the designated area. Additionally, the FCO is delegated and performs those responsibilities of the FEMA Director as outlined in E.O. 12148 (reference (g)) and those responsibilities delegated to the FEMA Regional Director in Title 44 CFR, Part 206 (reference (h)). This includes authority for tasking of Federal Agencies. DL1.1.40. Federal Disaster Assistance. Aid to disaster victims or State and local governments by Federal Agencies under 42 U.S.C. 5121, et seq., as amended (reference (f)). DL1.1.41. Federal Function. Any function, operation, or action carried out under the laws of the United States by any Department, Agency, or instrumentality of the United States, or by an officer or employee thereof, acting in an official capacity. DL1.1.42. Federal Property. Property that is owned, leased, possessed, or occupied by the Federal Government. DL1.1.43. Federal Region. A grouping of States and territories of the United States, by which FEMA coordinates responsibilities of the State governments with those of Federal Departments and Agencies, for disaster relief, civil defense, and planning for both civil and National security emergencies. These regions are sometimes referred to as "FEMA Regions" to distinguish them from any one of the various regional alignments of other Federal Departments and Agencies, all of which are circumscribed by FEMA's coordination authority. Today, there are ten Federal Regions, but the term is used generally to facilitate MSCA regardless of the number of Federal Regions at any time. DL1.1.44. Federal Response Plan (FRP). The inter-Departmental planning mechanism, developed under FEMA leadership, by which the Federal Government prepares for and responds to the consequences of catastrophic or major disasters and emergencies. Federal planning and response are coordinated on a functional group basis, with designated lead and support agencies for each identified functional area. DL1.1.45. Fire Suppression Assistance. Assistance authorized to respond to the occurrence of a forest or grassland fire on private or public property that threatens such destruction as would constitute a major disaster. Assistance is requested by the governor, processed by the appropriate FEMA region, and forwarded to the Director, FEMA, for further action and decision. DL1.1.46. Flood. A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from: DL1.1.46.1. Overflow of inland or tidal waters. DL1.1.46.2. Unusual or rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters. DL1.1.46.3. Mudslides and/or mudflows caused by accumulation of water. DL1.1.47. Governor's Authorized Representative. The person named by the governor in the Federal-State agreement to execute on behalf of the State all necessary documents for disaster assistance and evaluate and transmit local government, eligible private or nonprivate facility, and State agency requests for assistance to the Regional Director following a catastrophic or major disaster or emergency declaration. DL1.1.48. Hurricane. A tropical cyclone, formed in the atmosphere over warm ocean areas, in which wind speeds reach 74 miles per hour or more, and blow in a large spiral around a relatively calm center or "eye." Circulation is counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Hurricane severity is defined by categories: DL1.1.48.1. Category I: Winds from 74 to 95 MPH. DL1.1.48.2. Category II: Winds from 96 to 110 MPH. DL1.1.48.3. Category III: Winds from 111 to 130 MPH. DL1.1.48.4. Category IV: Winds from 131 to 155 MPH. DL1.1.48.5. Category V: Winds greater than 155 MPH. DL1.1.49. Immediate Response. Any form of immediate action taken by a DoD Component or military commander, under the authority of DoD Directive 3025.1 (reference (c)) and any supplemental guidance prescribed by the Head of a DoD Component, to assist civil authorities or the public to save lives, prevent human suffering, or mitigate great property damage under imminently serious conditions occurring where there has not been any declaration of catastrophic or major disaster or emergency by the President or attack. DL1.1.50. Imminently Serious Conditions. Emergency conditions in which, in the judgment of the military commander or responsible DoD official, immediate and possibly serious danger threatens the public, and prompt action is needed to save lives, prevent human suffering, or mitigate great property damage Under these conditions, timely prior approval from higher headquarters may not be possible before action is necessary for effective response. DL1.1.51. Incident Command System. The combination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications operating within a common organizational structure with responsibility for management of assigned resources to effectively direct and control the response to an incident. DL1.1.52. Joint Information Center (JIC). A central point of contact for all news media at the scene of an extraordinary situation. News media representatives are kept informed of activities and events via public information officials from all participating Federal, Sate, and local agencies (it may include representatives of private entities) who are collocated at the JIC. The JIC may also be referred to as the Joint Public Information Center. DL1.1.53. Joint Information System (JIS). Standard operating procedures, plans, facilities, and personnel linked together with the common goal of providing, during or following an emergency, coordinated, accurate, timely, and appropriate instruction and information to the public, media, and other interested parties. The system also includes measures designed to monitor feedback from the media, public, and other groups to ensure the system participants are aware of required actions in response to detected problems. DL1.1.54. Joint Regional Defense Command (JRDC). The term for Continental United States Army (CONUSA) when planning for (peacetime) or in execution of land defense of CONUS or MSCA. DL1.1.55. Joint State Area Command (JSAC). The State Area Command (STARC) after it has been mobilized. STARC is part of the State's National Guard headquarters until mobilization, when it takes command of ARNG and other Services' units within the State. Its responsibilities include planning and executing MSCA (under attack situations) and land defense of the Nation within the State. The JSAC is a subordinate organization to the JRDC. DL1.1.56. Lead Agency. The Federal Department or Agency assigned lead responsibility to manage and coordinate a specific Emergency Support Function (ESF) under the Federal Response Plan. Lead Agencies are designated on the basis of their having the most authorities, resources, capabilities, or expertise relative to accomplishment of the specific ESF support. Lead Agencies are responsible for overall planning and coordination of, in conjunction with their support agencies, the delivery of ESF-related Federal assistance to their State counterparts. Designated officials of the Lead Agencies serve as Federal executive agents, subject to overall coordination and management of the FCO, and have the authority to commit funds and task support agencies under the authority of 42 U.S.C. 5121, et seq., as amended, reference (f), to carry out the response activities as appropriate within the parameters of the Federal Response Plan. DL1.1.57. Lead Federal Official. The designated on-scene official from each participating Agency authorized to direct that Agency's response to an extraordinary situation. DL1.1.58. Limited Response. Response of a Federal Agency to a request for assistance by a State or local government, or another Federal Agency that involves limited Agency resources or specialized technical assistance and does not require a formal field management and/or coordination structure. DL1.1.59. Major Disaster. Any natural catastrophe (including any hurricane, tornado, storm, high water, wind-driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, or drought), or, regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion, in any part of the United States, that, in the determination of the President, causes damage of sufficient magnitude to warrant major disaster assistance to supplement the efforts and available resources of States, local governments, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering caused thereby. DL1.1.60. Military Resources. Military and civilian personnel, facilities, equipment, and supplies under the control of a DoD Component. DL1.1.61. Military Support Liaison Officer. A Department of Defense representative, normally an Army O-6, to FEMA who facilitates requirements and communication between the Department of Defense and FEMA. When the FEMA Emergency Support Team is activated, this individual serves as the DoD representative for normal coordination. DL1.1.62. Military Support to Civil Authorities (MSCA). Those activities and measures taken by the DoD Components to foster mutual assistance and support between the Department of Defense and any civil government agency in planning or preparedness for, or in the application of resources for response to, the consequences of civil emergencies or attacks, including National security emergencies (DoD Directive 3025.1, reference (c)). DL1.1.63. Mobilization. The act of assembling and organizing National resources to support National objectives in time of war or other emergencies. DL1.1.63.1. Full Mobilization. Expansion of the active force resulting from action by Congress to mobilize all Reserve components units in the existing approved force structure, all individual Reservists, and the material resources needed for these units for the duration of the war plus six months. DL1.1.63.2. Total Mobilization. Expansion of the Active Force by organizing and activating additional units beyond the existing approved troop basis to respond to requirements in excess of the troop basis, and the full mobilization of all National resources needed to round-out and sustain such forces for the duration of the war plus six months. DL1.1.63.3. Partial Mobilization. Expansion of the Active Force in time of a National emergency (short of full mobilization) as a result of action by the President or Congress to mobilize Reserve component units and individual Reservists for up to 24 months. DL1.1.63.4. Selective Mobilization. Expansion of the Active Force by mobilization of Reserve component (RC) units, by authority of Congress or the President, to satisfy an emergency requirement for a force tailored to meet a specific requirement (such as civil disturbances or other domestic situations where Federal Armed Forces may be used to protect life, Federal property and functions, or to prevent disruption of Federal activities). A selective mobilization differs from partial mobilization in that it normally would not be associated with requirements for contingency plans involving external threats to the National security. DL1.1.64. National Command Authorities (NCAs. The President and the Secretary of Defense or their deputized alternates or successors. DL1.1.65. National Communication System (NCS). The National Communication System consists of a coalition of Government Agencies to assist the President, the National Security Council, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the exercise of telecommunications functions and responsibilities set forth in section 2 of Executive Order 12472 (reference (i)). Additionally, the NCS assists in the coordination of the planning for and provision of National security and emergency preparedness communications for the Federal Government under all circumstances, including crisis or emergency, attack, recovery, or reconstitution. DL1.1.66. National Contingency Plan (NCP). The term referring to the National Oil and Pollution Contingency Plan, prepared by the Environmental Protection Agency, to put into effect the response powers and responsibilities created by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) (reference (j)). DL1.1.67. National Disaster Medical System (NDMS). An inter-Departmental National mutual aid system developed by Federal Departments and Agencies to provide for the medical needs of victims of major disasters, and to provide backup support for medical systems of the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs in caring for casualties from military conflicts. The Department of Health and Human Services serves as the lead Federal Agency for administering NDMS, and would coordinate NDMS operations in response to civil emergencies. The Department of Defense could activate and coordinate NDMS operations in support of military contingencies. DL1.1.68. National Emergency. A condition declared by the President or the Congress by virtue of powers previously vested in them that authorize certain emergency actions to be undertaken in the National interest. Action to be taken may include partial, full, or total mobilization of National resources (JCS Pub 1-02, reference (k)). DL1.1.69. National Emergency Training Center. The FEMA National Emergency Training Center at Emmitsburg, Maryland, is the home for two institutions that conduct the Agency's nationwide training program: the Emergency Management Institute, and the National Fire Academy. The two schools are responsible for planning, developing, and conducting instructional courses in a variety of emergency management and fire-related subject areas. DL1.1.70. National Security. A collective term encompassing both National defense and foreign relations of the United States. Specifically, the conditions provided by: DL1.1.70.1. A military or defense advantage over any foreign nation or group of nations. DL1.1.70.2. A favorable foreign relations position. DL1.1.70.3. A defense posture capable of successfully resisting hostile or destructive action from within or without, overt or covert. DL1.1.71. National Security Emergency. Any occurrence, including natural disaster, military attack, technological emergency, or other emergency, that seriously degrades or seriously threatens the National security of the United States (E.O. 12656, reference (l)). DL1.1.72. Natural Disaster. All domestic emergencies except those created as a result of enemy attack or civil disturbance. DL1.1.73. Non-Air Transportable. Cargo that exceeds dimensions of the C-5A cargo compartment; cargo that exceeds the dimensions of either of the following: DL1.1.73.1. 1465 inches in length by 156 inches in width by 162 in heigth. DL1.1.73.2. 1465 inches in length by 228 inches in width by 114 in heigth. DL1.1.74. On-Scene. The total area that may be impacted by the effects of an extraordinary situation. Area boundaries may be circular or irregular in shape and will be established by the State, depending on the situation. DL1.1.75. On-Scene Coordinator. The Federal official predesignated by the EPA and the U.S. Coast Guard to coordinate and direct Federal response and removals under the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan. DL1.1.76. On-Site. The area with: DL1.1.76.1. The boundary established by the owner or operator of a fixed-nuclear facility; DL1.1.76.2. The boundary established at the time of the emergency by a State or local government with jurisdiction for a transportation or other type of accident not occurring at a fixed-nuclear facility and not involving nuclear weapons; or DL1.1.76.3. The area established by the CFA as defined by the National Defense Area or National Security Area in a nuclear weapon accident or significant incident. DL1.1.77. On-Site Federal Support. Federal assistance that is the primary responsibility of the Federal Agency that owns, authorizes, regulates, or is otherwise deemed responsible for the radiological facility or material being transported. This response supports State and local efforts by supporting the owner or operator's efforts to bring the incident under control and thereby prevent or minimize off-site consequences. DL1.1.78. Operational Command (OPCOM). The authority granted to a commander to assign missions or tasks to subordinate commander, to deploy units, to reassign forces, and to retain or delegate operational and/or tactical control as may be deemed necessary. It does not of itself include responsibility for administration or logistics. It may also be used to denote the forces assigned to a commander (JCS Pub 1-02, reference (k)). DL1.1.79. Operational Control. Transferable command authority that may be exercised by commanders at any level at or below the level of Combatant Command. Operational control is inherent in Combatant Command (command authority) and is the authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. Operational control includes authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations and joint training necessary to accomplish missions assigned to the command. Operational control should be exercised through the commanders of subordinate organizations; normally this authority is exercised through the Service component commanders. Operational control normally provides full authority to organize commands and forces and to employ those forces as the commander in operational control considers necessary to accomplish assigned missions. Operational control does not, in and of itself, include authoritative direction for logistics or matters of administration, discipline, internal organization, or unit training (JCS Pub 1-02, reference (k)). DL1.1.80. Outsize Cargo. Cargo that exceeds the capabilities of the C-141 aircraft. It is considered outsize when it exceeds 1090 inches in length, 117 inches in width or 105 inches in height. DL1.1.81. Oversize Cargo. Any single item that exceeds any one of the following dimensions: 104 inches long, 84 inches wide, and 96 inches high, and will not fit on a 463L pallet. DL1.1.82. Planning Agent. A military or civilian official of any DoD Component, who has been designated by the Head of that Component to exercise delegated authority for MSCA planning for the entire Component (i.e., "principal planning agent") or for certain subordinate elements or a specified geographic area (e.g., "regional planning agents"). Authority and responsibilities of each planning agent will be defined by the Component, and may include MSCA response as well as planning at the election of any Component. The actual authority of planning agents will be communicated to others, as determined by the DoD Component, or when requested by the DoD Executive Agent. DoD-designated Principal Planning Agents for MSCA are CINCUSACOM and CINCUSPACOM. DL1.1.83. Port of Debarkation (POD). An aerial port (APOD) or seaport (SPOD) within the theater of operations where the strategic transportation for forces is completed. It may not be the final destination of a force. DL1.1.84. Port of Embarkation (POE). An air or sea terminal at which troops, units, military sponsored personnel, unit equipment, and materiel board and/or are loaded. DL1.1.85. Principal Planning Agent. The commander responsible for planning, coordinating, and executing military taskings in civil emergencies for the Department of Defense. The DoD-designated Principal Planning Agents for MSCA are Commanders-in-Chief U.S. Atlantic Command and U.S. Pacific Command. DL1.1.86. Public Affairs Officer. A Federal Agency headquarters, official responsible for preparing and coordinating the dissemination of public information in cooperation with other responding Federal, State, and local government agencies. DL1.1.87. Recovery. Those long-term activities and programs beyond the initial crisis period of an emergency or disaster designed to return all systems to normal status or to reconstitute these systems to a new condition that is less vulnerable. The Department of Defense is not usually involved in MSCA recovery activities. DL1.1.88. Recovery Phase. Involves restoring systems to normal. During this phase, short-term recovery actions are taken to assess damage and return vital life-support systems to minimum operating standards; long-term recovery actions may continue for many years. DL1.1.89. Recovery Plan. A plan developed by the State, with possible Federal assistance, to restore the affected area to its pre-emergency condition, wherever practical. A recovery plan will include a description of the cleanup standards, the tasks,and actions required for cleanup and who is responsible for each, timetable for the cleanup process, who will oversee the entire process, and how the costs for cleanup will be paid (including any division of costs among responsible parties). DL1.1.90. Regional Director. The Director of one of FEMA's (or any Federal Agency) ten Regional Offices and principal representative for working with other Federal regions, States and local governments, and the private sector in that jurisdiction. DL1.1.91. Regional Interagency Steering Committee (RISC). A regional inter-Agency group chaired by the FEMA Regional Director and comprised of Federal Departments and Agencies that have a primary or secondary ESF responsibility in the Federal Response Plan. DL1.1.92. Regional Operations Support Team (ROST). The FEMA regional team that supports the Emergency Response Team in the field and provides facilities interface with the Emergency Support Team in FEMA Headquarters and with other regional Federal Agencies and organizations. DL1.1.93. Regional Preparedness Committee (RPC). The primary regional organization established to assist FEMA Regional Director in the planning and coordinating of actions by Federal, State, and local authorities to implement National preparedness policy at the regional level. DL1.1.94. Regional Response Force (RRF). A force identified in the Nuclear Accident Response Capabilities Listing belonging to DoD or DoE installations, facilities, or activities within the United States and its territories. The RRF may be tasked with taking emergency response actions necessary to maintain command and control on-site pending arrival of the Service or Agency Response Force. Functions that the RRF may be tasked with, within their capabilities, are: DL1.1.94.1. Rescue operations. DL1.1.94.2. Accident site security. DL1.1.94.3. Firefighting. DL1.1.94.4. Initial weapon emergency staffing. DL1.1.94.5. Radiation monitoring. DL1.1.94.6. Establishing command, control and communications. DL1.1.94.7. Establish Public Affairs activities. DL1.1.95. Regional Response Team (RRT). A mechanism in each of the ten standard Federal regions, Alaska, and the Caribbean for planning, preparedness, and response activities related to oil discharges and hazardous substance releases. RRTs receive direction from the National Response Team; RRT membership parallels National Response Team membership. DL1.1.96. Resource Claimancy. The procedure, employed during any period of attack or National security emergency, whereby authorized Federal Agencies determine definitive requirements and justify the allocation of civil government and civil resources needed to support programs under their cognizance. It does not imply procurement activity, nor does it involve the Government as an intermediary in the normal mechanisms of trade other than in expediting essential activities and ensuring equitable distribution of civil resources. Resource claimancy occurs at both the National and regional levels. DL1.1.97. Risk Assessment. The process of identifying the likelihood and consequences of an event to provide the basis for informed decisions on a course of action. DL1.1.98. Special Staff. All staff officers having duties at a headquarters and not included in the general (coordinating) staff group or in the personal staff group. The special staff includes certain technical specialists and heads of services, e.g., transportation officer, etc. DL1.1.99. State Adjutant General. An individual appointed by the Governor of a State (or elected to office) to administer the military affairs of the State. A State Adjutant General may be federally recognized as a general officer for tenure of office, provided they meet the prescribed requirements and qualifications. However, an Adjutant General may be appointed and serve in that capacity without Federal recognition. DL1.1.100. State Area Command (STARC). A mobilization entity within the Army National Guard (ARNG) State headquarters and headquarters detachment that is ordered to active duty when ARNG units in that State are alerted for mobilization. It provides for control of mobilized ARNG units from home station until arrival at the mobilization station. It is also responsible for planning and executing military support for civil defense, land defense plans under the respective area commander, and military family assistance. It is the specific headquarters unit of the Army National Guard for each State, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. DL1.1.101. State Coordinating Officer (SCO). The person appointed by the Governor of the affected State to coordinate State and local response efforts with those of the Federal Government. DL1.1.102. Support Agency. A Federal Department or Agency designated to assist a specific Lead Agency with available resources, capabilities, or expertise in support of ESF response operations, as coordinated by the representative of the primary Agency. DL1.1.103. Technological Hazards. DL1.1.103.1. Hazards emanating from the manufacture, transportation, storage, use and disposal of such substances as radioactive materials, chemicals, explosives, flammables to include LPG and LNG, agricultural pesticides, herbicides, and disease agents. DL1.1.103.2. Oil spills on land, coastal waters, or inland water systems. DL1.1.103.3. Debris from space. DL1.1.104. Tornado. A local atmospheric storm, generally of short duration, formed by winds rotating at very high speeds usually in a counterclockwise direction. The vortex, up to several hundred yards wide, is visible to the observer as a whirlpool-like column of winds rotating about a hollow cavity or funnel. Winds have been estimated to be in excess of 300 miles per hour. DL1.1.105. Tropical Depression. A tropical cyclone with rotary circulation at the water surface. Its maximum sustained wind speeds are above 38 miles per hour, but less than 74 miles per hour. It is the third phase in the development of a hurricane. DL1.1.106. Tropical Disturbance. A tropical cyclone that maintains its identity for at least 24 hours and is marked by moving thunderstorms and with slight or no rotary circulation at the water surface. Winds are not strong. It is a common phenomenon in the tropics, and is the first discernible stage in the development of a hurricane. DL1.1.107. Tsunami. A great sea wave produced by submarine earth movement or volcanic eruption. DL1.1.108. Typhoon. The name given a hurricane in the area of the western Pacific Ocean (west of 180 degrees longitude). DL1.1.109. Volcano. An eruption from the earth's interior producing lava flows or violent explosions issuing rock, gasses, and debris. AL1. ACRONYMS AL1.1. AAR Army Acquisition Regulation AL1.2. ACC Air Combat Command AL1.3. AFNSEP Air Force National Security Emergency Preparedness AL1.4. AMC Army Materiel Command AL1.5. ANRC American National Red Cross AL1.6. AOR Area Of Responsibility AL1.7. APHIS Administrator for Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service AL1.8. APOD Aerial Port of Debarkation AL1.9. AR Army Regulation AL1.10. ARNG Army National Guard AL1.11. ARNGUS Army National Guard, United States AL1.12. ASDHA Assistant Secretary of Defense, Health Affairs AL1.13. BSI Base Support Installation AL1.14. C2 Command and Control AL1.15. CAP Civil Air Patrol AL1.16. CARDA Continental U.S. Airborne Reconnaissance for Damage Assessment AL1.17. CD Civil Defense AL1.18. C, DoD Comptroller of the Department of Defense AL1.19. CDRG Catastrophic Disaster Response Group AL1.20. CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act AL1.21. CFA AL1.22. CFR Code of Federal Regulations AL1.23. CINC Commander-in-Chief AL1.24. CONUS Continental United States AL1.25. CONUSA Continental United States Army AL1.26. CSDP Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program AL1.27. CSEPP Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program AL1.28. DAMO-FDB Chemical and NBC Division, Force Development Directorate, Office of Army Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans AL1.29. DAMO-SSW War Plans Division, Strategy Plans and Policy Directorate, Office of Army Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans AL1.30. DARS Defense Acquisition Supplement AL1.31. DAST Disaster Assessment Survey Team AL1.32. DCE Defense Coordinating Element AL1.33. DCO Defense Coordinating Officer AL1.34. DCSOPS Deputy Chief Of Staff, Operations AL1.35. D/DFAS Director, Defense Finance and Accounting System AL1.36. DEPS Domestic Emergency Planning System AL1.37. DERF Defense Emergency Response Fund AL1.38. DFAS Defense Finance and Accounting Service AL1.39. DFO Disaster Field Office AL1.40. DHHS Department of Health and Human Services AL1.41. DLA Defense Logistics Agency AL1.42. DMAT Disaster Medical Assistance Team AL1.43. DOC Department of Commerce AL1.44. DoD Department of Defense AL1.45. DOE Department of Energy AL1.46. DOEd Department of Education AL1.47. DOI Department of the Interior AL1.48. DOJ Department of Justice AL1.49. DOL Department of Labor AL1.50. DOMS Director of Military Support (Army lead w/Air Force & Navy Deps.) AL1.51. DOS Department of State AL1.52. DOT Department of Transportation AL1.53. DTUSD(P)PS Deputy to the Under Secretary of Defense (Policy) Policy Support AL1.54. EMI Emergency Management Institute AL1.55. EMT Emergency Management Team AL1.56. E.O. Executive Order AL1.57. EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal AL1.58. EOC Emergency Operations Center AL1.59. EPA Environmental Protection Agency AL1.60. EPAERT Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Response Team AL1.61. EPLO Emergency Preparedness Liaison Officer(s) AL1.62. ERT Emergency Response Team AL1.63. ERT-A Emergency response Team-Advance AL1.64. ESF Emergency Support Function AL1.65. EST Emergency Support Team AL1.66. FAA Federal Aviation Administration AL1.67. FCC Federal Coordinating Center (NDMS) AL1.68. FCO Federal Coordinating Officer AL1.69. FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency AL1.70. FON Fire Order Number AL1.71. FORSCOM Forces Command AL1.72. FOSC Federal On Scene Coordinator AL1.73. FRERP Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan AL1.74. FRP Federal Response Plan AL1.75. GSA General Services Administration AL1.76. HF High Frequency AL1.77. ICS Incident Command System AL1.78. IED Improvised Explosive Device AL1.79. IL&E Installations, Logistics and Environment AL1.80. IMA Individual Mobilization Augmentee AL1.81. IND Improvised Nuclear Device AL1.82. INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite AL1.83. JOPES Joint Operations Planning and Execution System AL1.84. JIC Joint Information Center AL1.85. JIS Joint Information System AL1.86. JRDC Joint Regional Defense Command AL1.87. JSAC Joint State Area Command AL1.88. JTF Joint Task Force AL1.89. LNO Liaison Officer AL1.90. LO Liaison Officer AL1.91. MACA Military Assistance to Civil Authorities AL1.92. MACDIS Military Assistance for Civil Disturbance AL1.93. MAFFS Modular Airborne Fire Fighting System AL1.94. MAST Military Assistance to Safety and Traffic AL1.95. MLO Military Liaison Officer AL1.96. MSCA Military Support to Civil Authorities AL1.97. MSCD Military Support to Civil Defense AL1.98. NCA National Command Authority AL1.99. NCP National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (National Contingency Plan) AL1.100. NCS National Communication System AL1.101. NDMS National Disaster Medical System AL1.102. NETC National Emergency Training Center AL1.103. NIFC National Interagency Fire Center AL1.104. NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration AL1.105. NRC National Response Center/National Regulatory Commission AL1.106. NRT National Response Team AL1.107. NSDD National Security Decision Directive AL1.108. NSEP National Security Emergency Preparedness AL1.109. NSF National Strike Force AL1.110. OASDRA Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs AL1.111. OCONUS Outside Continental United States AL1.112. OES Office of Emergency Services AL1.113. OIC Officer in Charge AL1.114. OMB Office of Management and Budget AL1.115. OPLAN Operation Plan AL1.116. OPCOM Operational Command AL1.117. OPCON Operational Control AL1.118. OPNAVINST Operations, Naval Instruction AL1.119. OPR Office of Primary Responsibility AL1.120. OSC On Scene Coordinator AL1.121. OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense AL1.122. OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration AL1.123. PAO Public Affairs Officer AL1.124. P.D. Policy Directive AL1.125. PIAT Public Information Assistance Team AL1.126. POC Point of Contact AL1.127. POE Point of Embarkation AL1.128. POTO Plans, Operations and Training Officer AL1.129. PPA Principal Planning Agent AL1.130. RAT Radiological Assistance Team AL1.131. RC Reserve Component AL1.132. RCP Regional Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan AL1.133. READEO Regional Animal Disease Eradication Officer AL1.134. RISC Regional Interagency Steering Committee AL1.135. ROC Regional Operations Center (FEMA) AL1.136. ROST Regional Operations Support Team AL1.137. RPA Regional Planning Agent AL1.138. RPC Regional Preparedness Committee AL1.139. RRF Regional Response Force AL1.140. RRP Regional Response Plan AL1.141. RRT Regional Response Team AL1.142. SAD State Active Duty AL1.143. SCO State Coordinating Office(r) AL1.144. SEOC State Emergency Operations Center AL1.145. SOFA Status of Forces Agreement AL1.146. SPOD Sea Port of Debarkation AL1.147. SSC Scientific Support Coordinator AL1.148. STARC State Area Command AL1.149. TACSAT Tactical Satellite AL1.150. TAG The State Adjutant General; The Adjutant General AL1.151. TAT Technical Assistance Team AL1.152. US United States AL1.153. USA United States Army AL1.154. USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers AL1.155. USACOM United States Atlantic Command AL1.156. USAF United States Air Force AL1.157. USAR United States Army Reserve AL1.158. USARPAC United States Army Pacific AL1.159. U.S.C. United States Code AL1.160. USCG United States Coast Guard (DoT) AL1.161. USDA United States Department of Agriculture AL1.162. USD(P) Under Secretary of Defense for Policy AL1.163. USD(PS)EP Under Secretary of Defense, Policy Support, Emergency Planning AL1.164. USN United States Navy AL1.165. USPACOM United States Pacific Command AL1.166. USPS United States Postal Service AL1.167. US&R Urban Search and Rescue AL1.168. USSS U.S. Secret Service AL1.169. USTRANSCOM United States Transportation Command AL1.170. VAH Veterans Affairs Hospital AL1.171. VAMC Veterans Affairs Medical Center AL1.172. VHF Very High Frequency AL1.173. VHF-FM Very High Frequency-Frequency Modulation AL1.174. VIP Very Important Person AL1.175. VIPCO VIP Control Office AL1.176. VSO Veterinary Support Officer C1. CHAPTER 1 RESPONSIBILITIES AND PROCEDURES C1.1. GENERAL AND PURPOSE C1.1.1. This Manual assigns responsibilities, prescribes procedures, and provides guidance by which the Department of Defense responds to ALL HAZARDS in accordance with 42 U.S.C. 5121, et seq., as amended (hereafter referred to as the Stafford Act, reference (f)). Under the authority of the Civil Defense Act of 1950, 50 U.S.C. App. 2251, et seq., (reference (a)) and National Security Directive 66 (dated March 16, 1992) (reference (m)) this Manual supports the National civil defense policy and Federal and State civil defense programs in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). C1.1.2. The procedures established in this Manual constitute a single system for Military Support to Civil Authorities (MSCA) for use by the DoD Components to plan for, and respond to, requests from civil government agencies for military support in dealing with actual or anticipated civil emergencies requiring Federal response (including National security emergencies as defined in E.O. 12656, reference (l)). C1.2. SCOPE This Manual: C1.2.1. Governs MSCA activities of all DoD Components in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the former Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (hereafter, non-CONUS, non-State entities are referred to as U.S. possessions and territories). C1.2.2. Provides an ALL HAZARDS focus on the assignment and allocation of DoD resources to support civil authorities during civil emergencies arising during peace, war, or transition to war. ALL HAZARDS refers to any number of natural or man-made disasters or emergencies such as hurricanes, earthquakes, forest fires, floods, oil spills, radiological contamination, power outages, nuclear attack, or sabotage emergencies and major disasters as defined by 42 U.S.C. 5122, reference (f), are included. C1.2.3. Establishes procedures for the Emergency Preparedness Liaison Officers (EPLO) program for ALL HAZARDS. The EPLO program support is designed to augment CINC support to MSCA. C1.2.4. Does not integrate MSCA planning with contingency war planning and does not impinge on the authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to supervise contingency planning. C1.2.5. Does not include military support to law enforcement, which is addressed in DoD Directive 3025.12, reference (b). C1.2.6. Does not apply to DoD support during foreign disasters, which is covered by DoD Directive 5100.46, reference (e). C1.2.7. Does not include equipping Reserve components (RC), which is covered in DoD Directive 1215.6, reference (n). C1.3. NATIONAL POLICY C1.3.1. In accordance with the Stafford Act, reference (f), it is the policy of the Federal Government to provide an orderly and continuing means of supplemental assistance to State and local governments as they execute their responsibilities to alleviate the suffering and damage resulting from catastrophic or major disasters or emergencies. Upon declaring a disaster or emergency, the President may direct any Agency of the Federal Government to undertake missions and tasks (on either a reimbursable or non-reimbursable basis) to provide assistance to State and local agencies. A Federal Coordinating Officer (FCO) is appointed by the President with authority to coordinate the Federal response effort in the affected area. The President has delegated the authority to appoint FCOs to the Director of FEMA. The Director has further delegated the authority to appoint FCOs to the Associate Director. C1.3.2. In accordance with the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950, as amended, reference (a), the National civil defense policy is to develop capabilities common to all catastrophic emergencies that will support ALL-HAZARDS emergency management at State and local levels to protect the population and vital infrastructure. Under the National civil defense policy, the Department of Defense will support civil authorities in civil defense, including issuing instructions to RC units on steps they will follow in planning and carrying out MSCA and establishing guidance for State military headquarters for response in both peacetime disasters and National security emergencies. Accordingly, all planning and response by the DoD Components for civil defense are governed by this Manual, with the exception of military support to civil disturbance operations (DoD Directives 3025.12 and 5525.5, references (b) and (o)) and contingency war plans. C1.3.3. Executive Order 12656, reference (l), establishes the policy of the Federal Government to have sufficient capabilities at all levels of government to meet essential defense and civilian needs during any National security emergency. C1.4. FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES C1.4.1. Office Secretary of Defense C1.4.1.1. Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (USD(P)) C1.4.1.1.1. Exercises policy oversight of MSCA for the Secretary of Defense and ensures compatibility of MSCA with National Security Emergency Preparedness in accordance with DoD Directives 3020.36 and E.O. 12656, references (p) and (l). C1.4.1.1.2. Deputy to the Under Secretary of Defense (Policy) for Policy Support (DTUSD(P)/PS) shall: C1.4.1.1.2.1. Act on behalf of the USD(P) under DoD Directive 3025.1, reference (c), as required. Coordinate MSCA policy matters to obtain USD(P) and Secretary of Defense approval when appropriate. C1.4.1.1.2.2. Develop policy guidance for MSCA. C1.4.1.1.2.3. Provide the initial level of policy interface for the Director of FEMA with the Secretary of Defense on routine matters. C1.4.1.1.2.4. Interpret authorities and requirements of reference (c), as required. C1.4.1.1.2.5. Monitor response by the DoD Executive Agent to disasters, and emergencies with particular attention to policy and political implications. C1.4.1.1.2.6. Support the DoD Executive Agent by coordinating or facilitating planning activities within the Department of Defense, or with other Federal Agencies, as needed. C1.4.1.1.3. Director of Emergency Planning shall: C1.4.1.1.3.1. Provide staff support to the DTUSD(P)/PS for MSCA, and act on behalf of the DTUSD(P)/PS when authorized. C1.4.1.1.3.2. Receive or anticipate requirements for emergency planning for MSCA from non-DoD Agencies; and facilitate management and coordination of planning responsibilities of the Executive Agent and the DOMS with those of both DoD and non-DoD Agencies, as needed. C1.4.1.1.3.3. Assist Executive Agent with routine contact and coordination with FEMA, as required. C1.4.1.1.3.4. Monitor and assist in coordination with the National Guard Bureau. C1.4.1.1.3.5. Monitor and assist in coordination with Military Services and Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs) (OASDRA) for the use of RC personnel in MSCA, as required. C1.4.1.1.4.1.6. Provide liaison with FEMA through the Military Support Liaison Officer. C1.4.1.2. Director, Defense Finance and Accounting Service (D, DFAS) C1.4.1.2.1. Report annually the expenditures and reimbursements by emergency to the Office of DUSD(P)/PS. C1.4.1.2.2. Maintain records of DoD fiscal expenditures and reimbursements for support to civil authorities. C1.4.2. Secretary of the Army (Department of Defense Executive Agent). The DoD Executive Agent is defined as the individual designated by position to have and to exercise the assigned responsibility and delegated authority of the Secretary of Defense under DoD Directive 3025.1, reference (c). The Secretary of the Army, as the DoD Executive Agent for the provision of DoD resources to civil authorities, shall act for the Secretary of Defense in developing planning guidance, plans, and procedures for MSCA. The DoD Executive Agent has the authority of the Secretary of Defense to task the DoD Components to plan for and to commit DoD resources in response to requests from civil authorities for MSCA. C1.4.2.1. Assign Army personnel to serve as EPLOs in USACOM and USPACOM AORs. C1.4.2.2. Provide support as required by the DoD Executive Agent or designated representative. C1.4.2.3. Manage expenditures and reimbursements from the Defense Emergency Response Fund (DERF). C1.4.2.4. Exercise management responsibility for the DERF. C1.4.2.4.1. Provide management representation letters for DERF financial statements to the Department of Defense Inspector General. C1.4.2.4.2. Provide legal representation letters for DERF financial statements to the Department of Defense Inspector General. C1.4.3. Department of Defense Director of Military Support (DOMS). The DOMS and supporting staff serve to ensure the performance of all planning and execution responsibilities of the DoD Executive Agent for domestic emergency preparedness. The DOMS is the DoD primary contact for all Federal Departments and Agencies during periods of domestic civil emergencies or disaster response. C1.4.4. Defense Coordinating Officer (DCO). The DCO is a military or civilian official designated by the Executive Agent or responsible DoD Component to coordinate MSCA activities in accordance with DoD Directive 3025.1, reference (c). The authority of each DCO is defined in documentation issued or authorized by the DoD Executive Agent to be issued by the responsible DoD command and is limited either to the requirements of a specified inter-Agency planning process or to a specified geographical area or emergency. The DCO is the DoD on-scene representative who coordinates MSCA requirements with the Federal Coordinating Officer (FCO). Other functions: C1.4.4.1. Validates MSCA requirements requested by the FCO, State Coordinating Officer (SCO), and/or the Emergency Support Function (ESF) representatives. C1.4.4.2. Coordinates and assigns MSCA requirements to the appropriate military organizations. C1.4.4.3. Exercises supervision of DoD liaison personnel assigned to the Emergency Support Functions staff at the Disaster Field Office (DFO). C1.4.4.4. Coordinates and tasks the use of all DoD resources provided in response to a specific natural disaster or civil emergency. C1.4.4.5. Serves as the Department of Defense's single point of contact for DoD resources. Receives requests for assets and passes them to the supported CINC or Component for action if they cannot be filled at the DCO level. C1.4.5. DoD Emergency Preparedness Liaison Officers (EPLOs). EPLOs are assigned by the Military Services and selected DoD Agencies to coordinate the use of DoD resources in support of civil authorities during Presidentially declared disasters and emergencies. EPLOs serve with major civil and military headquarters that have primary responsibility for planning, coordinating, and executing support to civil authority in disasters. These include FORSCOM, CONUSAs, State Adjutants General and STARCs, and FEMA National and Regional headquarters (CINCs may also be included). EPLOs represent unique Service or Agency expertise and knowledge that contributes to a coordinated and effective DoD response to disasters and emergencies. When providing assistance in response to a Presidentially declared disaster or emergency, EPLOs represent the DoD Executive Agent and the supported CINC having area responsibility. DoD EPLOs are responsible for coordinating civil requests for the use of DoD resources under the auspices of DoD Directive 3025.1, reference (c), and this Manual. C1.4.5.1. U.S. Atlantic Command (USACOM) and U.S. Pacific Command (USPACOM) will establish a liaison structure within their respective areas of operation down to State level. EPLOs may represent all the Services and/or DoD Agencies to provide a balanced capability to respond to the continuum of ALL HAZARDS situations. C1.4.5.2. Military Departments and DoD Agencies that elect to provide liaison officers outside of the EPLO liaison structure described in DoD 3025.1 (reference (c)) and this Manual do not represent the Department of Defense in MSCA activities. C1.4.6. Secretary of the Navy C1.4.6.1. Assigns Naval personnel to serve as EPLOs in USACOM and USPACOM AORs. C1.4.6.2. Provides support as required by the DoD Executive Agent or designated representative. C1.4.7. Secretary of the Air Force C1.4.7.1. Assigns Air Force personnel to serve as EPLOs in USACOM and USPACOM AORs. C1.4.7.2. Provides support as required by the DoD Executive Agent or designated representative. C1.4.8. Commander in Chief U.S. Atlantic Command (CINCUSACOM) C1.4.8.1. Serves as DoD Principal Planning Agent (PPA) and Operating Agent for Military Support to Civil Authorities for all DoD Components for the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. C1.4.8.2. Maintains liaison with the FEMA. C1.4.8.3. Trains (in conjunction with the Services) and receives OPCON of EPLOs for MSCA activities immediately prior to and during Presidential disaster declarations in the Atlantic Command AOR. C1.4.8.4. Immediately prior to or during a Presidentially declared disaster, approves activation of all EPLOs for MSCA disaster and emergency assistance in AOR. Tasks and supervises those EPLOs that have been activated. C1.4.8.5. Develops necessary implementation guidance to accompany this Manual. C1.4.9. Commander in Chief Pacific Command (USCINCPACOM) C1.4.9.1. Serves as DoD PPA and Operating Agent for Military Support to Civil Authorities for all DoD Components for Alaska, Hawaii, United States possessions and territories, and administrative entities within the Pacific Command Area of Responsibility. C1.4.9.2. Maintains liaison with the FEMA. C1.4.9.3. Trains (in conjunction with the Services) and receives OPCON of EPLOs for MSCA activities immediately prior to and during Presidential disaster declarations in the Pacific Command AOR. C1.4.9.4. Immediately prior to or during a Presidentially declared disaster, approves activation of all EPLOs for MSCA disaster and emergency assistance in AOR. Tasks and supervises those EPLOs that have been activated. C1.4.9.5. Develops necessary implementation guidance to accompany this Manual. C1.5. PLANNING C1.5.1. General. DoD emergency planning and response employs the separate elements and capabilities of the DoD Components working in concert. DoD planning combines inter-Service coordination and connectivity with the civil emergency preparedness structure. Throughout the year, planning conferences are convened at the National, regional and local level, which identify response requirements, locate assets, review procedures, and prepare for future disaster events. These conferences bring together participants from both the military and civilian disaster response community. C1.5.2. DoD Executive Agent. The Secretary of the Army acts for the Secretary of Defense in developing planning guidance, plans, and procedures for MSCA. The Secretary of the Army is responsible for developing National-level planning guidance and supervising the development of DoD plans for the provision of military support to civil authorities. The DoD Executive Agent tasks the DoD Components to plan for and to commit DoD resources in response to requests from civil authorities for MSCA. Any commitment of military forces of the Combatant Commands is coordinated in advance with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Other planning functions include: C1.5.2.1. Designate a general officer as the DoD Director of Military Support (DOMS). C1.5.2.2. Provide DoD planning guidance for the provision of DoD resources to civil authorities during periods of civil emergency or catastrophic and/or major disaster. C1.5.2.3. Coordinate MSCA plans and procedures with the appropriate Federal Departments and Agencies. C1.5.2.4. Facilitate direct planning for MSCA by DoD facilities and installations with Federal regions and STARCs of the National Guard. C1.5.2.5. Direct the DoD Components in planning for and responding to a mass immigration emergency. C1.5.2.6. Direct USTRANSCOM through DOMS to provide transportation resources in response to a non-declared domestic civil emergency. C1.5.2.7. Direct the DoD Components to respond to any emergency, based on authority that is provided in DoD Directive 3025.1, reference (c), or obtained from the Secretary or Deputy Secretary of Defense. C1.5.2.8. Manage (in coordination with the C, DoD) expenditures for MSCA from the DERF. C1.5.2.9. Provide DoD policy and implementing instructions concerning the role of the EPLOs for peacetime civil emergencies and catastrophic and/or major disasters. C1.5.2.10. Plan and prepare measures for MSCA that foster close and continuous coordination for efficient employment of DoD resources of the National Guard (whether employed under State or Federal authority), as well as resources of the DoD Components, in time of peace, war, or transition to war. C1.5.2.11. Develop and implement a DoD liaison structure with civil authorities that includes liaison personnel from all pertinent DoD Components. C1.5.3. DOMS. The Secretary of the Army has designated the Director of Operations, Readiness and Mobilization, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, Headquarters Department of the Army as the DoD DOMS. The DOMS is the Executive Agent's Action Agent. DOMS communicates and coordinates the policy guidance and execution directions of the Executive Agent. Other planning functions include: C1.5.3.1. Responsible to the Executive Agent for the development of National-level planning guidance. C1.5.3.2. Exercise DoD staff oversight for all DoD Components planning, coordination, and execution of MSCA. C1.5.3.3. Coordinate DoD response in the event of a catastrophic and/or major disaster or civil emergency. C1.5.3.4. Prepare planning, warning, and execution orders for the DoD Components to execute military operations in support of civil authorities. C1.5.3.5. Serve as the primary DoD point of contact for the Federal Response Plan (FRP) (reference (q)) and member of the FEMA's Annex Planning Leaders Group. C1.5.3.6. Provide liaison with the FEMA and other Federal Departments and Agencies as required. C1.5.3.7. Develop and implement procedures to staff and perform the functions of a DoD Emergency Operations Center. C1.5.3.8. Develop liaison and coordination procedures with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. C1.5.3.9. Develop the Manual for Civil Emergencies. C1.5.4. Emergency Support Function (ESF) Representative. Figure C1.F1. depicts the 12 Emergency Support Functions established in the Federal Response Plan (reference (q)). The Executive Agent has designated the DoD Components to serve as the DoD ESF Representative. Each designated DoD Agency is responsible for assisting the primary Federal Agency in the development of specific plans for each ESF. Pre-disaster planning responsibilities include: providing technical expertise; being knowledgeable of the types of support the Department of Defense can provide to the respective ESFs; reviewing National and regional-level plans for the respective ESFs; and establishing standard operating procedures with the lead Federal Agency. C1.5.5. Principal Planning Agent (PPA) C1.5.5.1. The PPA is a military or civilian official of any DoD Component who has been designated by the DoD Executive Agent to exercise delegated authority for MSCA for a specified geographic area. Authority and responsibilities of each planning agent will be defined by the DoD Executive Agent and will include MSCA planning and response. C1.5.5.2. The Commanders in Chief of Atlantic Command and Pacific Command are DoD Principal Planning Agents. They have the responsibility to provide joint planning and execution directives for peacetime assistance rendered by the Department of Defense within their assigned AOR. C1.5.5.3. A critical element of planning for the initial deployment of relief forces into a disaster area is communications. PPAs should be prepared to provide Tactical Satellite (TACSAT) (or International Marine Satellite (INMARSAT)) capability with any deploying package. Normal means of communications, such as commercial telephone, are often casualties of the disaster. Following catastrophic disasters, satellites may be the only means of communication into, out of, and within the disaster area. This independent means of communication allows the Department of Defense to be more responsive and flexible to the immediate disaster-relief requirements. C1.5.6. Regional Planning Agent (RPA). The RPA is also a military or civilian official of any DoD Component who has been designated by the PPA to exercise delegated authority for MSCA for specific subordinate geographic regions, to include preparation of regional emergency plans. Authority and responsibilities of each planning agent will be defined by the PPA. C1.5.7. Emergency Preparedness Liaison Officers (EPLOs). EPLO is a generic term used to describe Military Service (Army, Navy, Air Force) Liaison Officers serving with FEMA headquarters, the CINCs, Forces Command, CONUSAs, STARCs and FEMA Regions. The EPLO is OPCON to the supported CINC during MSCA operations in which EPLO activation results from a Presidential Disaster Declaration or immediately prior to an expected declaration. The EPLO represents an extension of the CINC's planning and coordination responsibility, which integrates MSCA planning at the STARC, FEMA Region, CONUSA, FORSCOM and CINC headquarters. EPLOs provide liaison for the CINC, or designated representative, to the FEMA Region and other Federal Agencies at the Region Headquarters to facilitate planning continuity. At the State level, they provide liaison for the CINC and/or CONUSA to the State Area Commands and/or Adjutant General Departments to facilitate planning continuity. This link between the State planner, EPLOs at State and FEMA Region, and the CONUSA to the CINC, is vital to ensure that MSCA plans are coordinated and understood and assets identified for support during an emergency. They represent the CINCs for planning and coordination of MSCA matters in domestic and National security emergency management and response procedures during peacetime (pre-mobilization) and wartime (post-mobilization) periods. These personnel form a nationwide liaison structure that functions in the planning, coordination and execution of a wide spectrum of military support to civil authorities. EPLOs operating in the disaster area will contact the Defense Coordinating Element (DCE) in the Disaster Field Office (DFO). The DCO will provide the activated EPLO with an assignment if this has not been done by the supported CINC. The full integration of the EPLO into the DCE and military response allows the DCO to maximize the Service capability available and take advantage of the EPLO's in-depth knowledge of regional planning. C1.5.8. Civil Authorities. The military role in disasters is one of support to a lead Federal Agency. The Department of Defense's primary function is to provide relief to the victims of a disaster when tasked by the lead Federal Agency. Our support to the disaster area is maximized when the needs of the local community are identified and prioritized in the response plan. This requires installation, base, and post commanders at all levels to identify the key local officials who represent the community. Local officials may include State, county, city, district, and neighborhood representatives. C1.5.8.1. FEMA is usually the lead Federal Agency for response and recovery assistance for earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, and other natural and man-made disasters. As such, this Manual will use the FEMA response organization as a model to refer to throughout discussions. C1.5.8.2. FEMA is organized to provide planning, coordination, and tasking headquarters at the National, regional and State level to provide Federal relief to disaster victims. During a Presidentially declared disaster relief operation, the Department of Defense can expect to receive taskings from and coordinate with the Emergency Support Team (EST, National level in Washington, DC), Regional Operations Center (ROC, in the affected region), the FCO with the Emergency Response Team (in the disaster area), or a combination of these. C1.5.8.3. First responsibility for disaster response is with the State in which the disaster occurs. Federal assistance is initiated when a disaster is so severe that a State's ability to provide response is overcome. Emergency operations centers are normally established to coordinate the response by the various levels of government affected. The FCO normally collocates the Disaster Field Office (DFO) with State and local officials or in close proximity to the State operations center. C1.5.8.4. The DCO represents an established organization that Federal and State agencies normally work through for military support. The DCO and DCE (including EPLOs) collocate with the FCO. The DCO is the primary interface for the Department of Defense with the FCO, who is the interface for Federal response to the State. Should a JTF, commanded by a General/Flag officer, be formed to augment the relief effort or provide an initial response, the JTF Commander may be authorized by the supported CINC to work directly with the FCO. The JTF Commander may be viewed as the DoD representative in charge; however, mission taskings and requests for support continue to be channeled through the pre-existing SCO-FCO-DCO coordination channels. Proper use of the DCO and his or her assets prevent wasted effort and streamline the request process. Figure C1.F1. EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONS (ESF) ESF PRIMARY FED. AGENT DoD POC 1. (TRANSPORTATION) DOT CINCTRANS 2. (COMMUNICATIONS) NCS OASD(C3I) 3. (PUBLIC WORKS DoD USACE 4. (FIREFIGHTING USDA USACOM 5. (INFO & PLANNING) FEMA DOMS 6. (MASS CARE) ARC DLA 7. (RESOURCE SPT) GSA DLA 8. (HEALTH/MED SVCS) DHHS OTSG(ARMY) 9. (URBAN SAR) FEMA DOMS 10. (HAZARD MTLS) EPA DON 11. (FOOD) USDA DLA 12. (ENERGY) DOE USACE C2. CHAPTER 2 CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS C2.1. GENERAL C2.1.1. The Department of Defense is capable of rapidly responding to a broad spectrum of emergencies on a no-notice basis. The personnel and associated equipment, although organized to conduct combat operations, can easily apply many of their skills in support of disaster or emergency assistance operations (of short duration). The command and control system inherent in military units provides a significant advantage when deployed to the "bare base" environment created by a catastrophic disaster. Capitalizing on these capabilities enables the Department of Defense to respond quickly under a lead Federal Agency, stabilize a situation, and then transition operations to Federal and State authorities. C2.1.2. The Department of Defense responds to domestic disasters and/or emergencies in accordance with a variety of plans with different Federal Agencies in the lead. The most prominent of these plans is the FRP, which is coordinated by FEMA. The Department of Defense is constrained as to the services it can perform in support of civil authorities by the provisions of the Staffford Act (reference (f)). Under 42 U.S.C. 5170b, reference (f); however, the President may authorize the Secretary of Defense to use DoD resources for performing on public and private lands any emergency work that is made necessary by an incident that may ultimately qualify for assistance, and which is essential for the preservation of life and property. The period of emergency work cannot exceed 10 days. Also, under DoD Directive 3025.1, paragraph 4.5. (reference (c)), commanders may provide this assistance when time does not permit prior approval from higher headquarters. In addition, United States Army Corps of Engineers has civil authorities, responsibilities, capabilities, and funding under 33 U.S.C. 701n(a) (reference (r)), which are unique within the Department of Defense. As a consequence, USACE is involved in disaster response more frequently than the rest of the Department of Defense. C2.2. IMMEDIATE RESPONSE Immediate Response is that action authorized to be taken by a military commander or by responsible officials of other DoD Agencies to provide support to civil authorities to prevent human suffering, save lives, or mitigate great property damage. Any commander or DoD official acting under "Immediate Response" authority shall advise the DOMS through command channels by the most expeditious means available and shall seek approval or additional authorization as needed. C2.2.1. In the event of imminent serious conditions resulting from any civil emergency or attack, all military commanders are authorized to respond to requests from the civil sector to save lives, prevent human suffering, or limit property damage. This immediate assistance by commanders will not take precedence over their combat and combat support missions, nor over the survival of their units. Military commanders will notify the DoD Executive Agent through their senior commander by the most expeditious means and seek guidance for continuing assistance whenever DoD resources are committed under Immediate Response circumstances. C2.2.2. Immediate Response is situation-specific and may or may not be associated with a declared or undeclared disaster. These actions do not supplant established DoD plans for providing support to civil authorities. Commanders may use Immediate Response authority to assist in the rescue, evacuation, and emergency medical treatment of casualties, the maintenance or restoration of emergency medical capabilities, and the safeguarding of public health. Commanders may also assist with the emergency restoration of essential public services and utilities. This may include fire fighting, water, communications, transportation, power, and fuel. They may also consider providing immediate assistance to assist public officials in emergency clearance of debris, rubble, and explosive ordnance from public facilities and other areas to permit rescue or movement of people and restoration of essential services. This list is not exhaustive. However, commanders should recognize that this is not a blanket provision to provide assistance. Such requests are time-sensitive and should be received from local government officials within 24 hours following completion of a damage assessment. Commanders will always consider the impact that providing immediate response would have on their military mission requirements and not jeopardize them. C2.2.3. Although immediate assistance will be given with the understanding that its costs will be reimbursed, it should not be delayed or denied when the requestor is unable or unwilling to make a commitment to reimburse. C2.3. DOMESTIC EMERGENCY Emergencies affecting the public welfare and occurring within the 50 States, District of Columbia, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, U.S. possessions and territories, or any political subdivision thereof, as a result of enemy attack, insurrection, civil disturbance, earthquake, fire, flood or other public disasters or equivalent emergencies that endanger the life and property or disrupt the usual process of government. The term "domestic emergency" includes any or all of the conditions defined herein as civil defense emergency, civil disturbances, catastrophic or major disaster, emergency, or natural disaster. C2.3.1. Civil Emergency. Any natural or manmade disaster or emergency that causes or could cause substantial harm to the population or infrastructure. This term can include a "catastrophic disaster," "major disaster," or "emergency," as well as consequences of an attack or a National security emergency. The terms "major disaster" and "emergency" are defined substantially by action of the President in declaring that extant circumstances and risks justify Presidential implementation of the legal powers provided by the Stafford Act (reference (f)) and the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 (reference (a)). Readers of this Manual should refer to specific contingency plans of USACOM and USPACOM for domestic contingency operations within their respective AOR. C2.3.2. Civil Disturbances. These are group acts of violence and disorders prejudicial to public law and order within the 50 States, District of Columbia, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, U.S. possessions and territories, or any political subdivision thereof. Included in this category are riots, acts of violence, insurrections, and unlawful obstructions or assemblages. Military support is provided in accordance with DoD Directive 3025.12 (reference (b)) and the DoD Civil Disturbance Plan: GARDEN PLOT (reference (s)). C2.3.3. Catastrophic Disaster. A catastrophic disaster is a disaster that immediately overwhelms the ability of State, local, and volunteer agencies to adequately provide victims of the disaster with the services necessary to sustain life. C2.3.4. Major Disaster. A major disaster is any natural catastrophe, or, regardless of cause, any flood, fire, hurricane, tornado, earthquake, or other catastrophe which, in the determination of the President, is or threatens to be of sufficient severity or magnitude to warrant disaster assistance by the Federal Government under the Stafford Act (reference (f)), to supplement the efforts and available resources of State and local governments in alleviating the damage, hardship, or suffering. (The Department of Defense responds to these emergencies in accordance with the FRP.) C2.3.5. Emergency. An emergency is any occasion or instance for which, in determination of the President, Federal assistance is needed to supplement State and local efforts and capabilities to save lives, and to protect property and public health and safety, or lessen or avert the threat of catastrophe in any part of the United States. Military support may or may not be required. However, the President may direct the Department of Defense to become actively involved in relief and may specify broad missions to be accomplished. C2.3.6. ALL HAZARDS. All Hazards means emergencies or disasters resulting from natural or manmade events, including, without limitation, civil disturbances and attack-related disasters. C2.4. FEDERAL RESPONSE PLAN (FRP) (reference (g)) This is the umbrella plan that guides the Federal Government support to State and local governments. The FRP outlines Federal, including DoD, responsibilities and provides the framework for coordinating civil-military requirements between the DCO and the other Emergency Support Functions. The Department of Defense provides assistance to other Federal Agencies and State and local governments in accordance with the FRP. The plan, under full or partial activation, describes the Federal Government's role in providing immediate action to save lives and mitigate great property damage. Federal assistance supplements the efforts of State and local governments. Along with the Department of Defense, 26 other Federal Departments and Agencies provide support under the full implementation of this plan. The plan groups the types of assistance needed during a disaster or civil emergency into 12 functional areas called Emergency Support Functions (ESFs). The responsibility for each ESF is assigned to a primary Agency. Several support Agencies may be assigned for each ESF. The Department of Defense is assigned as the primary Federal Agency for Emergency Support Function 3 - Public Works and Engineering, and as a support Agency for the other 11 functions. USACE has been designated the DoD Lead Agency responsible for planning and response for ESF 3. The Federal Government provides assistance under the overall direction of the Federal Coordinating Officer (FCO) appointed on behalf of the President by the Director of FEMA. C2.5. CIVIL DEFENSE All those activities and measures designed or undertaken to: C2.5.1. Minimize the effects upon the civilian population caused, or that would be caused, by an attack upon the United States or by a natural or technological disaster. C2.5.2. Deal with the immediate emergency conditions that would be created by any such attack or natural or technological disaster. C2.5.3. Temporarily repair or restore vital utilities and facilities destroyed or damaged by any such attack or natural or technological disaster. C2.6. EXECUTION C2.6.1. Background. Primacy for responding to disasters and emergencies rests with State and local authorities. When a disaster threatens or occurs, local authorities take immediate steps to warn and evacuate citizens, alleviate suffering, and protect life and property. If additional help is needed, the Governor may direct execution of the State's emergency plan, use State Police or National Guardsmen, or commit other State resources as the situation demands. C2.6.2. Presidential Declaration. When the response and/or recovery requirements are beyond the capabilities of local and State forces and assistance programs, the Governor may request that the President declare a "catastrophic disaster," "major disaster," or an "emergency." The Stafford Act (reference (f)) provides the President authority to use Federal resources to supplement State and local efforts. This authority is activated upon declaration of a "catastrophic disaster," "major disaster," or an "emergency," as are some other Federal disaster relief programs. This assistance supplements the efforts and resources of State and local governments and voluntary organizations, and fills the needs that are unfulfilled by Federal disaster assistance programs not requiring a Presidential declaration. C2.6.3. FEMA. By E.O. 12148 (reference (g)), the President delegated to the Director of FEMA the authority to establish policies for, and coordinate, all civil defense and civil emergency planning, management, mitigation, and assistance functions of Federal executive Agencies. Federal assistance under the Stafford Act (reference (f)), is coordinated at the National level by the Associate Director for Response and Recovery and at the State level by the FCO. After a Presidential declaration, the Associate Director of FEMA appoints an FCO who is responsible for coordinating all Federal disaster relief assistance programs to ensure the maximum effectiveness of Federal assistance. FEMA notifies the Department of Defense through DOMS that the President has declared a disaster and a DCO is required. Other coordination occurs that identifies the scope and magnitude of expected additional military assistance. C2.6.4. DOMS. After coordination with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, DOMS designates a supported CINC as the operating agent. This could be CINCUSACOM for a disaster in the continental United States or Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands; or USCINCPACOM for Alaska, Hawaii and the Pacific area. DOMS publishes an execute order to further delineate support relationships; directs the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to begin disaster site support; and directs USCINCTRANS to begin unit and/or equipment movement as required by the supported CINC. Initial specific taskings of USTRANSCOM by the DOMS to speed assistance to the site should only be required until the supported CINC can deploy a DCO. C2.6.5. CINC. The supported CINC designates a component command, a headquarters to execute the disaster relief operation. This headquarters will designate and deploy a Defense Coordinating Officer (DCO) and, based on the severity of the situation, may deploy a Joint Task Force. Within the continental United States, the CONUSAs of FORSCOM can provide the JTF headquarters. The CONUSAs are Army regionally oriented commands with geographic boundaries. These headquarters interact on a daily basis with State and local authorities, the FEMA Regions, and other Federal Agencies on a variety of issues that provide the foundation for rapid and smooth transition to support operations during periods of disaster response. If a Joint Task Force is deployed, the JTF Commander must immediately forward a request for frequency allocation to the DCO. Frequency allocation in the disaster area is executed through ESF 2. The DCO, located in the Disaster Field Office, can coordinate the request with the ESF 2 representative. Early identification of spectrum requirements is critical in the disaster area. C2.6.6. DCO/JTF. The DCO is the DoD interface with FEMA, other Federal providers, and the State Coordinating Officer representative located in the Disaster Field Office (DFO). The DCO (and the DCE) is responsible for validating and coordinating mission assignments from the FCO. If a JTF, commanded by a General/Flag officer, is deployed the supported CINC may direct him to work directly with the FCO. In this case, the JTF Commander may be viewed as the DoD representative. However, the mission requests and validations continue to be coordinated through the DCO and staff. The JTF Commander, who has operational control (OPCON) of DoD assets from the supported and supporting CINCs, provides personnel, equipment, and supplies to the disaster area; and is oriented to task identification, force generation, prioritizing assets against requirements, and providing disaster response support to the local government based on FEMA mission assignments. All requests for DoD transportation assets will be validated by the supported CINC and as much as practical a Joint Operations Planning and Execution System (JOPES) requirement will be generated. USACE supports this effort by providing engineering assets through its civil works structure. After an ESF provider has exhausted all of its support capability, the Department or Agency may request the FCO task the Department of Defense for augmentation support. These requests are evaluated by the FCO or his/her designated representative, and if approved, tasked to the DCO for validation and coordination. Requests that are not supported are returned to the FCO and may be passed to the National level for resolution by the Emergency Support Team or DOMS. C2.6.7. Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). The comprehensive network of supply and/or service centers, and distribution depots nationwide provides an unequaled resource of functional experts to provide logistical support and/or services in logistics operations following a catastrophic domestic disaster. DLA, when tasked, can support the disaster location with a distribution depot capability comprised of logistical experts in materiel and/or supply management (including fuels management), contracting, disposal and/or reutilization, receipt, storage, and distribution. When deployed, DLA would assume management of DoD distribution functions in the disaster area. C2.6.8. Volunteerism. The Department of Defense interface with Federal Agencies and Departments for MSCA is through the DOMS. DoD interface at the disaster site is provided by the DCO who represents the supported CINC. The DOMS and supported CINC are responsible for providing DoD resources to valid requests provided by the FCO from the State. To ensure the Department of Defense provides resources to MSCA in the most coordinated and efficient manner, organizations and individuals within the DoD Components should neither offer nor provide direct support except as outlined under Immediate Response (Chapter 2, section C2.2.) or Reserve components volunteers as described in Chapter 5, paragraph C5.2.1. Personnel and equipment-related support capabilities that may be "volunteered" for disaster response should be identified through the chain of command to the supported CINC. The supported CINC will apply "volunteered" assets against valid FEMA requirements. C2.6.9. Foreign Military Assistance. Catastrophic disasters may be of such severity and magnitude that other nations may offer assistance to the United States in the form of engineer units, search and rescue organizations, or medical support detachments. Should this occur, the correct command relationship is Operational Control (OPCON) to the Joint Task Force. Another consideration for the employment of foreign national disaster relief forces is the legal status of the individuals. If the country from which they come has concluded a Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) to govern their legal status within the United States they should be covered by that agreement. Individual agreements need to be negotiated with governments not covered by a SOFA. C2.6.10. Command Relationships. Military support to civil authorities in disasters and emergencies is a DoD responsibility and is normally executed through the Supported CINC. The Supported CINC capitalizes on the different and complimentary capabilities of each Service and Defense Agency to accomplish the mission. The DoD response structure parallels that of the FEMA and affected State. The command and coordination relationships for the three entities are shown in Figure C2.F1. The key relationship is the coordination that occurs between the SCO, the FCO, and the DCO. C2.6.11. Base Support Installations (BSI). The CINC may designate an installation of any Service or Defense Agency to provide the DCO specified, integrated resource support to the DoD MSCA response effort. This installation is normally located outside of, but within a relative proximity to, the disaster area. C2.6.11.1. Support Provided. Resources provided by BSIs may include, but are not limited to, technically qualified personnel to assist in disaster response, minimal essential equipment, and procurement support. A BSI may also serve as a marshalling or staging, or mobilization area for MSCA support. C2.6.11.2. Tasking Authority. The DCO is vested by the CINC with the authority to task the BSI for support to the DCE. This authority is published in the DCO activation order and in the order designating a BSI installation. C2.6.11.3. Support Priorities. Unless otherwise directed by the Secretary of Defense, survival of the DoD personnel and resources, recovery of military capabilities, force reconstitution, and continuity of military operations have priority over MSCA. Resources available from the BSI may be limited due to the effects of the disaster or attack, and further restricted based on a realignment of military priorities. Support will be temporary in nature, using resources not required for preparation or conduct of military operations. C2.6.12. Disengagement. Successful disengagement of disaster response activities from military to civilian control is absolutely critical. The lack of an agreed-upon "end state" can result in entrenchment and lead to over dependence on military forces. Therefore, the disengagement or transition depends on visualizing an "end state," establishing objective criteria, developing a detailed transition plan, and continually assessing the "end state" goal. The termination of military support to civil authorities is a sensitive operation that requires detailed planning and execution. The sensitivity is heightened in a catastrophic disaster that requires a large military presence during the response phase. If a JTF is organized, the JTF Commander's statement of intent should include a disengagement "end state." The statement of intent needs to describe the desired "end state," state the purpose of the operation, and be understood at all echelons. All efforts must be disciplined towards achieving the desired disengagement "end state." C2.6.12.1. Visualize "End State." Disengaging military support from a civilian authority following a disaster requires that the key players agree on a set of conditions which defines the "end state." These conditions, which are definable and attainable, may be in the form of functional tasks, geographic areas, available civilian resources, or a combination of all three. The "end state" then takes the form of a transition contract, which is continually reassessed and updated. Defining the "end state," or mission objectives, begins early in the response phase and involves the key players responsible for providing support to the disaster area. These key players include the FCO, DCO, SCO, and local government representatives. C2.6.12.2. Planning. Planning for disengagement begins as soon as possible. The purpose is to set up the conditions for termination of military support and transferring responsibility to either a lead ESF, the State, or local government authority. "End state" conditions are objective criteria and can be defined by a functional task or geographical responsibility. Transfer of responsibility should be completed as soon as the "end state" conditions are met. The transition contract should establish "not later than" times with officials that are keyed to major events. These conditions represented by objective criteria may include: C2.6.12.2.1. Victims are receiving food and water. C2.6.12.2.2. Temporary shelter is available for victims. C2.6.12.2.3. Civil law enforcement is functioning. C2.6.12.2.4. Civilian health and welfare services are available. C2.6.12.2.5. Critical utilities service restored (power and communications). C2.6.12.2.6. Major transportation routes and facilities operational (roads, railroads, airports, and ports). C2.6.12.2.7. State and local offices are open and functioning. C2.6.12.2.8. Commercial businesses and contractors are available. C2.6.12.2.9. Worship facilities and religious support programs available. C2.6.12.2.10. Public media operational. C2.6.12.2.11. Postal service reestablished. C2.6.12.2.12. Schools open. C2.6.12.3. Functional Task and Geographical Responsibility. MSCA in a disaster area is normally defined along a functional task or geographical area basis. Military support is usually reflected in the provision of basic needs such as food, water, shelter, power, and medical support. For example, once the functional tasks of providing food, water, shelter, or power are complete then transfer of that task is possible. Geographical disengagement parallels functional task disengagement. Geographical areas include neighborhoods, communities, districts, cities and counties within the disaster area. It is possible to complete functional task support but not disengage from a geographical area. C2.6.12.4. Public Relations. The detailed planning characterized by disengagement should include a public relations campaign that ensures that the population in the disaster area is aware of what is occurring. Troop disengagements should be announced early, and conducted under a coordinated public relations campaign that involves the visible presence and support of the local civilian leaders in the disaster area. This allows the community to prepare for the transition, and if desired, conduct or participate in a departure ceremony. This contributes to a successful sense of closure. Further, residents of the disaster area are not surprised with a diminishing military presence and the perception of abandonment is avoided. The role of the media cannot be underestimated in assisting a smooth transition from military support to civil authorities. Figure C2.F1. COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS C3. CHAPTER 3 DISASTERS C3.1. GENERAL The Department of Defense is a major supporting agency in assisting other Federal and State agencies to respond to disasters that threaten life, property, or the continuity of government. Several response plans identify what and how this support is provided. Each plan forms the basis for initial response, identifies the participants and their responsibilities, and represents the point of departure for support that becomes event specific. These response activities can be characterized as either "specific emergencies" or "non-declared emergencies" and are coordinated by the lead Federal Agency. C3.2. RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES C3.2.1. Oil and Hazardous Substances. See references (q), and (t) through (w). C3.2.1.1. General C3.2.1.1.1. Authority. CERCLA (reference (t)) and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, 33 U.S.C. 1251-1386 (Clean Water Act), reference (j), established broad Federal authority to respond to releases or threats of releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants that may present an imminent and substantial danger to public health or welfare. C3.2.1.1.2. National Planning. Under the auspices of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) (reference (u)) was developed to ensure coordinated and integrated response by Departments and Agencies of the Federal Government at the scene of a spill. This plan has been incorporated into the FRP and is executed under the auspices of Emergency Support Function # 10. This plan calls for the appropriate response to prevent, minimize, or mitigate a threat to public health or welfare. C3.2.1.1.3. Lead Federal Agencies. The EPA and the USCG have responsibility for implementing the NCP in their assigned geographic AORs. C3.2.1.1.3.1. The EPA chairs and the USCG co-chairs the National Response Team (NRT), an emergency Federal body organized to focus National assets during spills and to provide planning guidance before spills. The Department of Defense has permanent representation on the NRT. C3.2.1.1.3.2. On-call Regional Response Teams (RRT, one for each EPA region) serve as the standing regional body for planning, preparedness, and coordination and/or advice when activated for a spill. The RRT is co-chaired by the EPA and USCG. The Lead Agency responsibility for a particular incident will go to one of the two, in accordance with the geographic area in which the spill occurs. The RRT is made up of representatives of the Federal Agencies that may be needed to assist in clean-up operations and includes representation from the DoD Components and/or Services. The RRT responds to requests from the On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) who is appointed by the Lead Agency. The Department of Defense provides the OSC for all hazardous substance releases that originate from DoD facilities or vessels. However, this does not include oil spill response coordination. C3.2.1.2. Execution C3.2.1.2.1. Reporting. Discharges should be reported without delay to the National Response Center (NRC) at 1-800-424-8802, the nearest USCG District, or EPA regional office. Telephonic reports should be followed by message as soon as practicable. Notification should include the location, amount, time, circumstance, type, and name of discharger, when known. C3.2.1.2.2. Request for Support. Requests for EPA or Coast Guard support are processed through the EPA region or the Coast Guard District with jurisdiction over the area where a spill occurs or through the NRC. When a spill is reported to the NRC, the response jurisdiction is determined, and the spill report is immediately forwarded to the designated Federal On Scene Coordinator (FOSC). If necessary, EPA regions may be called directly. The RRT is activated for only a small number of spill responses. When the seriousness of the spill demands resources that exceed local capacity, the RRT is the primary mechanism for assembling the necessary resources. C3.2.1.2.3. DoD Facilities. If an oil or hazardous substance discharge occurs on a DoD installation, the appropriate installation spill contingency plan will be activated to effect prompt corrective action. C3.2.1.2.4. Request for DoD Support. Before activation of the RRT, request for DoD support will be forwarded to the DoD member (U.S. Navy, Director of Salvage; (703) 607-2753 weekdays from 0800-1600; contact the Duty Officer at (703) 602-7527 during weekends, holidays, and non-duty hours) of the NRT for authentication. After activation of the RRT, military support may be provided by coordinating with Service representatives to the RRT. Requests for support that exceed the capability of the DoD regional representatives will be forwarded to the DoD member of the NRT for appropriate action. C3.2.1.3. Presidential Disaster Declaration. When a Presidential Disaster or Emergency Declaration is made regarding a major discharge (or an oil or hazardous substance spill occurs simultaneously or in conjunction with a declared disaster), the OSC will direct all requests for Federal assistance under the Stafford Act (reference (f)) to the designated FCO. The FCO will validate the request and task the appropriate Federal Agency for support. Upon determination of a need for DoD assistance, a DCO will be appointed to handle requests. C3.2.1.4. Funding and Reimbursement C3.2.1.4.1. Fiscal Responsibility. By Federal statute, the primary responsibility for reporting and removing oil or other hazardous substance spills, and complete monetary responsibility for incurred costs, rests with the spiller. Federal response is activated only when the spiller cannot or will not take the necessary corrective action in an adequate or timely manner. C3.2.1.4.2. DoD Support of RRT. Procedures for reimbursement for DoD assistance depend upon the location and circumstances surrounding a particular discharge. Reimbursement for actual (total) expenses incurred in providing military assistance is billed (in accordance with Coast Guard regulations) at full cost. However, if reimbursement is to be by another Federal Agency or from federally controlled contingency funds, appropriate adjustments in billing rates are made. When support and assistance is provided to U.S. Government Components who are responsible for causing a discharge, billing will be computed and submitted in accordance with DoD Instruction 4000.19 (reference (x)), Basic Policies and Principles for Interservice, Interdepartmental, and Interagency Support. C3.2.1.4.3. Declared Disaster or Emergency. When military resources are employed in assisting civil authorities under declared disaster or emergency conditions, billings should be computed and submitted in accordance with Chapter 9. C3.2.1.5. Points of Contact C3.2.1.5.1. National Response Center: 1-800-424-8802. C3.2.1.5.2. USCG District Headquarters. C3.2.1.5.3. EPA Regional Headquarters. C3.2.1.5.4. Spill Hot Line: 1-800-424-8802. C3.2.1.6. The Response System. The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Response System is the Federal Government's mechanism for emergency response to discharges of oil into the navigable waters of the United States, and to releases of chemicals into the environment. The National Contingency Plan was developed to ensure that the resources and expertise of the Federal Government would be immediately available for those relatively rare but very serious oil and hazardous substance incidents requiring National or regional response. The plan provides a framework for efficient management of cleanup activities. Three activities are required by the NCP: planning and coordination, on-scene operations, and, communications. Federal planning and coordination is conducted at the National, regional and local levels. Each level is required to develop and maintain oil and hazardous substance pollution contingency plans for their areas of responsibility. At the National level, planning and coordination is conducted by the NRT comprised of representatives of the twelve Emergency Support Functions under the FRP. EPA chairs the standing NRT; the NRT chairmanship is either EPA or USCG, depending on the location of the release. The Department of Defense provides expertise through the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Navy. C3.2.1.6.1. Regional Response Teams (RRT). The RRT provides regional planning and preparedness before a pollution incident occurs. There are two principal components of the RRT: the Standing RRT and the Incident Specific RRT. The Standing RRT is comprised of all the Departments and Agencies of the NRT plus the involved States and is co-chaired by EPA and USCG. CINCUSACOM and USCINCPACOM are required to appoint representatives to the RRT within their assigned MSCA AORs. There are currently 13 RRTs, with ten located in CONUS. The Incident-Specific RRT is comprised of RRT members who have specific expertise or equipment that could assist the FOSC in combating an